The unstoppable growth in both dimensions and importance of IP networks has been worrying the networking community, because the energy consumption and the consequent impact on global pollution can no more be ignored. According to the latest estimates, at the present rate the entire ICT sector will represent approximately the 2.8% of the annual global greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. Many studies have been recently addressed to the so-called green networking topic and proposed different solutions to face the increasing power consumption of IP networks. In this sense, one field of research deals with the development of new approaches, based on traffic engineering and sustainable routing. This thesis finds place within this research field: we focus on the energy aware survivable traffic routing problem with dedicated protection, suitable for the MPLS protocol. This problem consists in successfully routing all the traffic demands, minimizing the energy consumption of the network and without jeopardizing its survivability. The dedicated protection strategy included in the model ensures that network operation is not interrupted by any link failure. The key feature for energy saving is to exploit the sleep mode of the links: while in this sleeping state, their power consumption is nullified and they can still wake up if needed. Consequently, the approach consist in switching to sleep mode the maximum possible number of links, drastically decreasing the overall energy consumption of the network. This approach seems quite promising if combined with the dedicated protection scheme, where additional backup paths must be reserved for every request on the network, to be used in case of failure. Two formulations for the problem are proposed and tested. Further, heuristics are also introduced, with the aim of providing feasible solutions for the routing problem within very small amount of time.
La crescita inarrestabile delle reti IP, sia dal punto di vista delle dimensioni che da quello della loro importanza, fa crescere la preoccupazione per il loro consumo energetico e il conseguente impatto sull'inquinamento globale, che non possono più essere ignorati. Le ultime stime indicano che, al ritmo attuale, l'intero settore delle TIC (Tecnologie dell'Informazione e della Comunicazione) arriverà a rappresentare entro il 2020 circa il 2.8% delle emissioni globali annue di gas serra. In tempi recenti, diversi studi hanno iniziato ad affrontare il tema del cosiddetto green networking, proponendo alcune soluzioni per far fronte al crescente consumo energetico delle reti IP. In questo senso, una corrente in particolare si occupa dello sviluppo di nuovi approcci basati sulla gestione del traffico dati e sull'instradamento sostenibile. In particolare, la nostra analisi rientra all'interno di questa categoria, focalizzandosi sul problema dell'instradamento in un'ottica di risparmio energetico e utilizzando una protezione dedicata per i cammini al fine di garantire la resistenza ai guasti, compatibilmente con protocollo MPLS. Questo problema consiste nel riuscire ad instradare tutte le richieste di traffico dati, riducendo il costo energetico della rete e senza tuttavia minare la sua resistenza ai guasti. La strategia di protezione dedicata inclusa nel modello garantisce la preservazione dell'operatività della rete anche in caso di un guasto. L'elemento chiave per il risparmio energetico è lo sfruttamento della modalità di sleep mode dei collegamenti (link): quando sono in questo stato, il loro consumo energetico viene annullato ma, se necessario, possono avviarsi nuovamente. Di conseguenza, l'approccio considerato consiste nel far passare il maggior numero possibile di collegamenti alla modalità di sospensione, diminuendo drasticamente il consumo energetico totale della rete. Questo approccio sembra molto promettente se combinato allo schema di protezione dedicata, in cui ulteriori percorsi di backup devono essere riservati per ciascuna richiesta presente in rete per essere utilizzati in caso di guasto. Vengono fornite e analizzate due formulazioni del problema. Inoltre si introducono alcuni algoritmi euristici, con lo scopo di fornire possibili soluzioni al problema dell'instradamento con tempi molto ridotte.
Energy aware routing with dedicated protection
TORRE, GIANANDREA FRANCESCO MARIA
2015/2016
Abstract
The unstoppable growth in both dimensions and importance of IP networks has been worrying the networking community, because the energy consumption and the consequent impact on global pollution can no more be ignored. According to the latest estimates, at the present rate the entire ICT sector will represent approximately the 2.8% of the annual global greenhouse gas emissions by 2020. Many studies have been recently addressed to the so-called green networking topic and proposed different solutions to face the increasing power consumption of IP networks. In this sense, one field of research deals with the development of new approaches, based on traffic engineering and sustainable routing. This thesis finds place within this research field: we focus on the energy aware survivable traffic routing problem with dedicated protection, suitable for the MPLS protocol. This problem consists in successfully routing all the traffic demands, minimizing the energy consumption of the network and without jeopardizing its survivability. The dedicated protection strategy included in the model ensures that network operation is not interrupted by any link failure. The key feature for energy saving is to exploit the sleep mode of the links: while in this sleeping state, their power consumption is nullified and they can still wake up if needed. Consequently, the approach consist in switching to sleep mode the maximum possible number of links, drastically decreasing the overall energy consumption of the network. This approach seems quite promising if combined with the dedicated protection scheme, where additional backup paths must be reserved for every request on the network, to be used in case of failure. Two formulations for the problem are proposed and tested. Further, heuristics are also introduced, with the aim of providing feasible solutions for the routing problem within very small amount of time.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/133701