Aim of the present thesis is to develop an instrument capable of automatically recognising and reconstructing on a mesh the different impact damages occurring in composite materials. The program is developed using the MATLAB programming language and reads the information regarding the damage state of composite panels from the images obtained by means of the three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography technique. The output file contains the mesh and various sets of elements for each type of damage and layer. Comparing the results with the initial scansions, the program seems to be promising but further developments are needed as it is still at an initial stage. To test the program, specimens of two different materials were manufactured by autoclave molding and impact tests were performed on them at two energy levels. A reference material, a woven fabric carbon/epoxy prepreg, was used to manufacture one type of specimens; the others were produced with the same material toughened by interleaving of nano-fibers veils. Subsequently, the impacted specimens were analysed by means of computed tomography. A comparison to evaluate the effectiveness of nano-fibers interlayers was made based on the experimental results and it was found that interleaved specimens absorb less energy and result less damaged compared to the reference ones. From these results, the nano-fibers veils seem to be promising as a toughening technique for carbon-epoxy composite laminates, although further studies and tests need to be performed.
Scopo della presente tesi è quello di sviluppare uno strumento in grado di riconoscere e ricostruire automaticamente su una mesh i diversi tipi di danno da impatto che possono presentarsi nei materiali compositi. Il programma è sviluppato utilizzando il linguaggio di programmazione MATLAB e legge le informazioni riguardo lo stato di danno di pannelli in composito partendo dalle immagini ottenute tramite la tecnica della tomografia computerizzata tridimensionale a raggi X. Il file di output contiene la mesh e vari gruppi di elementi per ogni tipo di danno e di layer. Confrontando i risultati con le scansioni iniziali, il programma sembra essere promettente ma ulteriori sviluppi sono necessari in quanto è ancora in una fase iniziale. Per testare il programma, provini di due diversi materiali sono stati fabbricati tramite formatura in autoclave e test di impatto a due livelli di energia sono stati eseguiti su di essi. Un materiale di riferimento, che consiste in un rinforzo in tessuto di carbonio preimpregnato di resina epossidica, è stato utilizzato per fabbricare un tipo di provini; gli altri sono stati prodotti con lo stesso materiale tenacizzato tramite l’interleaving di veli di nano-fibre. Successivamente, i provini impattati sono stati analizzati utilizzando la tomografia computerizzata. Un confronto per valutare l’efficacia degli interlayer di nano-fibre è stato fatto sulla base dei risultati dei test sperimentali ed è stato trovato che i provini tenacizzati assorbono meno energia e risultano meno danneggiati in confronto a quelli di riferimento. Da questi risultati, i veli di nano-fibre sembrano essere promettenti come tecnica di tenacizzazione per i laminati in composito con rinforzo di carbonio e resina epossidica, nonostante sia necessario eseguire ulteriori studi e test.
Identification of damage typologies in composite materials with three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography
PIGNACCA, RITA
2016/2017
Abstract
Aim of the present thesis is to develop an instrument capable of automatically recognising and reconstructing on a mesh the different impact damages occurring in composite materials. The program is developed using the MATLAB programming language and reads the information regarding the damage state of composite panels from the images obtained by means of the three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography technique. The output file contains the mesh and various sets of elements for each type of damage and layer. Comparing the results with the initial scansions, the program seems to be promising but further developments are needed as it is still at an initial stage. To test the program, specimens of two different materials were manufactured by autoclave molding and impact tests were performed on them at two energy levels. A reference material, a woven fabric carbon/epoxy prepreg, was used to manufacture one type of specimens; the others were produced with the same material toughened by interleaving of nano-fibers veils. Subsequently, the impacted specimens were analysed by means of computed tomography. A comparison to evaluate the effectiveness of nano-fibers interlayers was made based on the experimental results and it was found that interleaved specimens absorb less energy and result less damaged compared to the reference ones. From these results, the nano-fibers veils seem to be promising as a toughening technique for carbon-epoxy composite laminates, although further studies and tests need to be performed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/134029