Natural disasters, which are increasing in number and intensity, are among the most dangerous calamities, and cause every year thousands of deaths and displaced people, not to mention the economic losses. On top of that, migrants emergency in the Southern Mediterranean Sea is a major humanitarian and security problem: hundreds of thousands of people try to cross the European borders and these journeys may end up in tragedies, due to travel, diseases, weather and vessel conditions. The operational surveillance system is limited by their visibility range and other technical limitations. Earth Observation satellites are an important resource for emergency and disaster management, and many systems are already operational, but constrained by numerous factors that limit their effect on emergency response. For these reasons, it is important to find and implement new systems, able to overcome these limitations. ‘’Space Shepherd”, developed at Politecnico di Milano, is a software aimed to assess the feasibility of a system employing already operative space assets in order to monitor migration flows in the Mediterranean Sea through the simulation of the environment and of the space framework. In this work, its Monitoring of Sea and Disaster Response (newly implemented) modes are described and exploited in order to evaluate the impact of novel space assets on migrants and natural disaster emergencies management. These systems have been chosen either for their lowcost (small satellites) or their being innovative (MEO SAR, OptiSAR). Their performance are compared to that of an already operative system, Copernicus EMS, in terms of acquisition coverage of the Southern Mediterranean Sea (for Monitoring of Sea), number of acquisitions of the targets (migrants vessels of area where an emergency occur) and delay between acquisition or request and data delivery to authorities. Simulations results shows how some of the newly introduced space system can represent a solution to the operative systems limitations, reducing information age and delivery delay and improving the Southern Mediterranean Sea coverage.
I disastri naturali, i quali stanno crescendo in numero e intensità, sono tra le più pericolose calamità, e causano ogni anno migliaia di morti e di sfollati, senza contare gli ingenti danni economici. Oltre a queste, l’emergenza migranti nel Mar Mediterraneo Meridionale è un problema umanitario e di sicurezza: centinaia di migliaia di persone cercano di attraversare i confini Europei, e questi viaggi possono concludersi tragicamente, a causa del viaggio, di malattie, e delle condizioni meteorologiche e delle barche. Il sistema di sorveglianza attualmente operativo è limitato dallo scarso range di visibilità e da motivi tecnici. I satelliti di osservazione terrestre sono un’importante risorsa per la gestione di emergenze e disastri, e molti sistemi, sebbene frenati da numerosi fattori che ne limitano l’effetto, sono già operativi in questo ambito. Per questi motivi, è importante identificare e implementare nuovi sistemi, capaci di superare questi limiti. ‘’Space Shepherd”, sviluppato al Politecnico di Milano, è un software finalizzato a valutare la praticabilità di un sistema che utilizzi asset spaziali operativi per monitorare il flusso dei migranti nel Mar Mediterraneo, attraverso la simulazione dell’ambiente di navigazione e di quello spaziale. In questa tesi, le modalità Monitoring of Sea e la nuova Desaster Response sono descritte e utilizzate per valutare l’impatto di sistemi spaziali innovativi sulla gestione dell’emergenza migranti e di quelle dovute ai disastri naturali. Questi nuovi sistemi sono stati scelti o per il loro basso costo (small satellites) o per la loro innovatività (MEO SAR, OptiSAR). Le loro performance sono poi comparate a quelle di Copernicus EMS, attualmente operativo, per quanto riguarda la percentuale di Mar Mediterraneo coperta dai sensori (per Monitoring of Sea), il numero di acquisizioni di uno stesso target (barche di migranti o area dove avviene un’emergenza) e ritardo fra acquisizione o richiesta di immagini e consegna dei dati alle autorità. I risultati mostrano come alcuni dei sistemi spaziali introdotti nelle simulazioni potrebbero rappresentare una soluzione per le limitazioni dei sistemi operativi, riducendo i ritardi temporali e migliorando la copertura del Mar Mediterraneo Meridionale.
Impact of novel Earth observation space assets on migrants monitoring in the Mediterranean Sea and on emergency and disaster management and response
BROGGI, PIETRO
2016/2017
Abstract
Natural disasters, which are increasing in number and intensity, are among the most dangerous calamities, and cause every year thousands of deaths and displaced people, not to mention the economic losses. On top of that, migrants emergency in the Southern Mediterranean Sea is a major humanitarian and security problem: hundreds of thousands of people try to cross the European borders and these journeys may end up in tragedies, due to travel, diseases, weather and vessel conditions. The operational surveillance system is limited by their visibility range and other technical limitations. Earth Observation satellites are an important resource for emergency and disaster management, and many systems are already operational, but constrained by numerous factors that limit their effect on emergency response. For these reasons, it is important to find and implement new systems, able to overcome these limitations. ‘’Space Shepherd”, developed at Politecnico di Milano, is a software aimed to assess the feasibility of a system employing already operative space assets in order to monitor migration flows in the Mediterranean Sea through the simulation of the environment and of the space framework. In this work, its Monitoring of Sea and Disaster Response (newly implemented) modes are described and exploited in order to evaluate the impact of novel space assets on migrants and natural disaster emergencies management. These systems have been chosen either for their lowcost (small satellites) or their being innovative (MEO SAR, OptiSAR). Their performance are compared to that of an already operative system, Copernicus EMS, in terms of acquisition coverage of the Southern Mediterranean Sea (for Monitoring of Sea), number of acquisitions of the targets (migrants vessels of area where an emergency occur) and delay between acquisition or request and data delivery to authorities. Simulations results shows how some of the newly introduced space system can represent a solution to the operative systems limitations, reducing information age and delivery delay and improving the Southern Mediterranean Sea coverage.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/134060