In this work, Ti-6Al-4V samples were produced using electron beam melting (EBM) AR- CAM Q10 and their tensile, fatigue, and fracture properties were analysed and compared. Fractography, tomography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out for some tensile and fatigue-tested samples. The tensile properties were compared with respect to the build orientation having different post-treatments: hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment, aging and the sum of the two. The X/Y built samples showed relatively worse tensile properties if compared with the Z built samples. HIP treatment results in a decrease in tensile strength and yield strength but in an increase in elongation compared to the aging treatment. In particular for specimens built along the Z direction the elongation increases more then a along X/Y directions. Analysing the specimens that had both the treatments (HIP, Aging), it can be said that in the speci- mens built along Z the result is a slight decrease of tensile strength and yield strength but a significant increases in elongation, instead as regarding the specimens built along X/Y directions, the treatments result in a decrease in tensile strength and yield strength but in a smaller increases in elongation respect to the Z direction ones. However respect to the traditional process the Additive Manufacturing process makes a more ductile material and in case it is performed an aging treatment, the material is not only more ductile but also has a higher yield point and tensile strength. Fatigue performance was studied for the Z and X/Y build directions, without thermal treat- ments, and compared with standard extruded material data (MIL-HDBK-5H). The fatigue fracture behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V was analysed, the fatigue crack initiation occurred in the subsurface and rarely from the surface. The specimens built along Z direction behave worse than the X/Y ones. The fatigue behaviour is similar comparing the EBM process with the traditionally manufactured one, or better the specimens built along X/Y directions behave slightly better than the traditionally manufactured ones.
In questo lavoro, dei provini di Ti-6Al-4V sono stati fabbricati usando la tecnologia Elec- tron Beam Melting (EBM) ARCAM Q10, le loro proprietà meccaniche, comportamento a fatica, e le modalità di frattura sono state analizzate e confrontate. L’analisi di frattografia, tomografia, e analisi al microscopio a scansione elettronica (SEM) sono state effettuate per alcuni provini di trazione e di fatica. Le proprietà meccaniche sono state confrontate rispetto all’orientamento di costruzione e l’effetto dei trattamenti: pressatura isostatica a caldo (HIP), invecchiamento e la somma dei due. I campioni costruiti in orizzontale mostrano proprietà meccaniche relativamente peggiori in confronto con i provini costruiti verticalmente. Il trat- tamento di HIP genera una diminuzione della resistenza massima a trazione, del punto di snervamento, ma un aumento del punto di allungamento a rottura rispetto ai provini trat- tati termicamente con l’invecchiamento. Analizzando i provini con entrambi i trattamenti termici (HIP, invecchimento), si può notare che i provini costruiti lungo la direzione Z hanno una leggere diminuzione del carico di snervamento e del carico massimo ma un incremento significativo dell’allungamento a rottura, invece i provini costruiti lungo le direzioni X/Y, hanno anche loro una diminuzione del carico di snervamento e del carico massimo ma un minore incremento del punto di allungamento a rottura rispetto ai provini costruiti lungo la direzione Z. Tuttavia il processo Additive Manufacturing rispetto a quello tradizionale genera un materiale più duttile e nel caso in cui viene eseguito un trattamento di invecchiamento, il materiale non solo è più duttile ma il punto di snervamento e resistenza a trazione sono più alti. Per quanto riguarda le prestazioni a fatica sono stati studiati i provini costruiti lungo la direzione Z e X/Y, senza alcun trattamento termico, e sono stati confrontati con i dati dei materiali standard ottenuti per estrusione (MIL-HDBK-5H). Analizzando il com- portamento a fatica del Ti-6Al-4V si è notato che l’innesco della cricca di fatica è partito o dalla profondità del provino o più raramente dalla superficie. Comparando i provini costruiti utilizzando la tecnologia EBM e i quelli estrusi, si può notare che il comportamento a fatica è simile tra le due tecnologie, o meglio i provini costruiti lungo le direzione X/Y si comportano leggermente meglio rispetto a quelli estrusi e costruiti lungo la direzione Z.
Static and fatigue characterization of materials produced by additive manufacturing
BALSAMO, TOMMASO
2015/2016
Abstract
In this work, Ti-6Al-4V samples were produced using electron beam melting (EBM) AR- CAM Q10 and their tensile, fatigue, and fracture properties were analysed and compared. Fractography, tomography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out for some tensile and fatigue-tested samples. The tensile properties were compared with respect to the build orientation having different post-treatments: hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment, aging and the sum of the two. The X/Y built samples showed relatively worse tensile properties if compared with the Z built samples. HIP treatment results in a decrease in tensile strength and yield strength but in an increase in elongation compared to the aging treatment. In particular for specimens built along the Z direction the elongation increases more then a along X/Y directions. Analysing the specimens that had both the treatments (HIP, Aging), it can be said that in the speci- mens built along Z the result is a slight decrease of tensile strength and yield strength but a significant increases in elongation, instead as regarding the specimens built along X/Y directions, the treatments result in a decrease in tensile strength and yield strength but in a smaller increases in elongation respect to the Z direction ones. However respect to the traditional process the Additive Manufacturing process makes a more ductile material and in case it is performed an aging treatment, the material is not only more ductile but also has a higher yield point and tensile strength. Fatigue performance was studied for the Z and X/Y build directions, without thermal treat- ments, and compared with standard extruded material data (MIL-HDBK-5H). The fatigue fracture behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V was analysed, the fatigue crack initiation occurred in the subsurface and rarely from the surface. The specimens built along Z direction behave worse than the X/Y ones. The fatigue behaviour is similar comparing the EBM process with the traditionally manufactured one, or better the specimens built along X/Y directions behave slightly better than the traditionally manufactured ones.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/134458