The world is changing remarkably and facing the biggest urban growth in the history. Currently more than half of the urban population is living in the urban areas. World population is expected to increase 2.3 billion by 2050, which means that two thirds of the world population will be living in cities (UN, Word Urbanization Prospect, 2014). This is the unavoidable result of the urbanization that today’s global and interconnecting world is enduring. Urbanization refers to a general increase of the population in an urban area and the amount of industrialization of a settlement. Urbanization can be considered as a process and differs with the location. It starts when the urban areas become more attractive due to the better industrial, economic and social mileages that they offer and the people seeking for better opportunities start to move from rural areas to urban areas, causing cities and towns to grow. Urbanization has many advantages for the cities, but as much as the benefits it provides, it also causes many challenges. Cities are the places where problems arise and solutions are found, but in order to solve a problem in any environment the problems should be analyzed carefully. This thesis is focused on the environmental challenges that are effecting urban areas nowadays, and how to resolve these problems in urban regeneration projects. In globalized society, almost every ecosystem is shaped by human actions and every human need ecosystem services. In fact, the most significant priority for human beings is to live in qualified environment. Today, urbanization creates avoidable problems for our natural habitats that affects negatively life standards and threats cities with serious challenges. The urban development should focus on approaches that enhance resilience in the cities. If a city becomes resilient provides a complex system that able to transform and evolve itself against impacts of degraded ecosystems functions. The innovate process of urban resilience is fundamental to achieve socio-ecological system's improvement. Urban resilience is the ability of communities, individuals, businesses, institutions and systems inside a city to survive, adapt and advance no matter what kinds of acute shocks and chronic stresses they experience (Rockefeller Foundation, 2017). From the definition, the resilience has been considered as a desirable condition for the future of the cities. It has been studied the framework of resilience in urban context, to reflect how urban resilience can help to manage with problems. There are numerous methods to provide urban resilience, however, the focus is directed through nature-based solutions because nature has been always persisting, transformable and adaptable, like resilient systems. Suppling solutions which restore, mimic or re-creates nature will enhance resilience in the cities. The focal topic is to understand what nature-based solutions mean, what are the approaches to be applied and what are the appropriate actions for specific challenges by using the “nature” as the main element. Nature- based solutions provide a lot of benefits, to understand these achievable advantages, it is essential to valuate and quantify the benefits from these actions to choose the most convenient practice. The research continuous with the deepen study of proving of tools to calculate direct and indirect benefits of green infrastructure actions. Testing of formulas on several different case studies, it can be observed the methodology of calculation, necessary data to obtain results and different practice of green infrastructure implemented in various scales. As a conclusion, the formulas are applied on proposed projects for one of the transformation area of Milan, Porta Romana Rail Yard to estimate the benefits will be supplied by the environmental design. According to the result of calculations, some considerations are done to understand which additional practices provided by opportunities of projects can be considered to improve more the environmental benefits.
Il mondo sta cambiando notevolmente e affronta la più grande crescita urbana della storia. Attualmente più della metà della popolazione urbana vive nelle aree urbane. La popolazione mondiale dovrebbe aumentare di 2,3 miliardi entro il 2050, che significa che due terzi della popolazione mondiale vivranno nelle città (UN, Word Urbanization Prospect, 2014). Questo è il risultato inevitabile dell'urbanizzazione che succede nel mondo globale e interconnesso. L'urbanizzazione si riferisce ad un aumento generale della popolazione in area urbana e della quantità di industrializzazione di un insediamento. L'urbanizzazione può essere considerata come un processo e si differenzia dalla posizione alla posizione. Inizia quando le aree urbane diventano più attraenti a causa delle migliori prospettive industriali, economiche e sociali che offrono e le persone che cercano migliori opportunità iniziano a muoversi dalle zone rurali alle aree urbane, causando la crescita delle città e delle cittadine. L'urbanizzazione porta molti vantaggi alle città, ma quanto i vantaggi che fornisce, provoca anche molte sfide. Le città sono i luoghi in cui sorgono problemi e si trovano soluzioni, ma per risolvere un problema in qualsiasi ambiente i problemi dovrebbero essere analizzati con attenzione. Questa tesi si concentra sulle sfide ambientali che attualmente impongono le aree urbane e come risolvere questi problemi nei progetti della rigenerazione urbana. Nella società globalizzata, quasi tutti gli ecosistemi sono formati da azioni umane e ogni umano ha bisogno di servizi ecosistemici. Infatti, la priorità più significativa per gli esseri umani è di vivere in ambienti qualificati. Oggi, l'urbanizzazione crea problemi inevitabili per i nostri habitat naturali che influenzano negativamente gli standard di vita e minacciano le città con sfide gravi. Lo sviluppo urbano dovrebbe concentrarsi sugli approcci che aumentano la resilienza nelle città. Se una città diventa resiliente fornisce un sistema complesso in grado di trasformarsi e di evolversi contro gli impatti delle funzioni degradate degli ecosistemi. Il processo innovativo di resilienza urbana è fondamentale per il miglioramento del sistema socioecologico. La resilienza urbana è la capacità delle comunità, degli individui, delle imprese, delle istituzioni e dei sistemi all'interno di una città di sopravvivere, di adattarsi e di avanzare, a prescindere da qualunque tipo di colpi acuti e sollecitazioni croniche che si verificano (Rockefeller Foundation, 2017). Dalla definizione, la resilienza è stata considerata come una condizione auspicabile per il futuro delle città. È stato studiato il quadro della resistenza urbana nel contesto urbano, per riflettere come la resilienza urbana può essere utile per la gestione dei problemi. Ci sono numerosi metodi per fornire la resilienza urbana, però, l'attenzione è diretta attraverso soluzioni basate sulla natura perchè la natura è sempre stata persistente, trasformabile e adattabile. Supplementare soluzioni che ripristinare, imitare o ricreare la natura miglioreranno la resilienza nelle città. L'argomento principale è quello di capire cosa sono le soluzioni basate sulla natura, quali sono gli approcci da applicare e quali sono le azioni appropriate per le sfide specifiche usando la "natura" come elemento principale. Le soluzioni basate sulla natura offrono molti vantaggi, per comprendere questi vantaggi ottenibili, è essenziale valutare e quantificare i benefici di queste azioni per scegliere la pratica più conveniente. La ricerca continua con lo studio approfondito della dimostrazione degli strumenti per calcolare i benefici diretti e indiretti delle azioni di infrastrutture verdi. Attraverso la sperimentazione di formule su diversi casi di studio si può osservare la metodologia di calcolo, i dati necessari per ottenere risultati e la pratica differente di infrastrutture verdi attuate in varie scale. In conclusione, le formule si applicano a progetti proposti per una delle aree di trasformazione di Milano, Scalo Porta Romana, per stimare i vantaggi forniti dal progetto ambientale. Secondo il risultato dei calcoli, vengono prese alcune considerazioni per comprendere quali pratiche aggiuntive fornite dalle opportunità dei progetti possono essere considerate per migliorare ancora i benefici ambientali.
Environmental design for urban regeneration. Using nature-based solutions as adaptive and innovative approaches
SEVILMIS, DENIZ ECE;ULCAY, PELIN
2016/2017
Abstract
The world is changing remarkably and facing the biggest urban growth in the history. Currently more than half of the urban population is living in the urban areas. World population is expected to increase 2.3 billion by 2050, which means that two thirds of the world population will be living in cities (UN, Word Urbanization Prospect, 2014). This is the unavoidable result of the urbanization that today’s global and interconnecting world is enduring. Urbanization refers to a general increase of the population in an urban area and the amount of industrialization of a settlement. Urbanization can be considered as a process and differs with the location. It starts when the urban areas become more attractive due to the better industrial, economic and social mileages that they offer and the people seeking for better opportunities start to move from rural areas to urban areas, causing cities and towns to grow. Urbanization has many advantages for the cities, but as much as the benefits it provides, it also causes many challenges. Cities are the places where problems arise and solutions are found, but in order to solve a problem in any environment the problems should be analyzed carefully. This thesis is focused on the environmental challenges that are effecting urban areas nowadays, and how to resolve these problems in urban regeneration projects. In globalized society, almost every ecosystem is shaped by human actions and every human need ecosystem services. In fact, the most significant priority for human beings is to live in qualified environment. Today, urbanization creates avoidable problems for our natural habitats that affects negatively life standards and threats cities with serious challenges. The urban development should focus on approaches that enhance resilience in the cities. If a city becomes resilient provides a complex system that able to transform and evolve itself against impacts of degraded ecosystems functions. The innovate process of urban resilience is fundamental to achieve socio-ecological system's improvement. Urban resilience is the ability of communities, individuals, businesses, institutions and systems inside a city to survive, adapt and advance no matter what kinds of acute shocks and chronic stresses they experience (Rockefeller Foundation, 2017). From the definition, the resilience has been considered as a desirable condition for the future of the cities. It has been studied the framework of resilience in urban context, to reflect how urban resilience can help to manage with problems. There are numerous methods to provide urban resilience, however, the focus is directed through nature-based solutions because nature has been always persisting, transformable and adaptable, like resilient systems. Suppling solutions which restore, mimic or re-creates nature will enhance resilience in the cities. The focal topic is to understand what nature-based solutions mean, what are the approaches to be applied and what are the appropriate actions for specific challenges by using the “nature” as the main element. Nature- based solutions provide a lot of benefits, to understand these achievable advantages, it is essential to valuate and quantify the benefits from these actions to choose the most convenient practice. The research continuous with the deepen study of proving of tools to calculate direct and indirect benefits of green infrastructure actions. Testing of formulas on several different case studies, it can be observed the methodology of calculation, necessary data to obtain results and different practice of green infrastructure implemented in various scales. As a conclusion, the formulas are applied on proposed projects for one of the transformation area of Milan, Porta Romana Rail Yard to estimate the benefits will be supplied by the environmental design. According to the result of calculations, some considerations are done to understand which additional practices provided by opportunities of projects can be considered to improve more the environmental benefits.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/134703