The oil industry is nowadays under increasing pressure from legislators to improve the quality of diesel fuels with the aim of reducing harmful emissions in the exhausts of diesel-powered vehicles. In order to meet the current sulfur specifications there is a need to find economically sustainable hydrotreating conditions allowing for the removal of those refractory species that are typically not converted under standard operating conditions (e.g. 4-DBTs and 4,6-DBTs). To do that, the ability of the HDT process simulator to foresee the distribution of sulfur-containing compounds in the hydrotreated products needs to be enhanced. At the moment, one of the major limitations to the use of kinetic models, is represented by the analytical uncertainties related to the sulfur speciation of feedstocks by GC-SCD. In this respect, significant improvements seem to derive from the integration of multidimensional comprehensive chromatographic analyses such as GC×GC-SCD within the conventional sulfur speciation protocol. However, the most effective way of combining the two analytical techniques still need to be defined with scientific evidences. In this study, the main features of the gas oil hydrotreating process are presented along with the approach developed at IFP to model such a reacting system. Furthermore, in-depth description of both GC-SCD and GC×GC-SCD analytical systems is given, highlighting pros and cons of the two techniques. Finally, two new internally developed methods for combining GC and GC×GC will be reviewed, assessing their impact on the prediction performances of the in-house built HDT process simulator. Nevertheless, GC×GC-SCD analyses will also be used to validate some assumptions at the base of the modeling approach, opening the way towards new promising perspectives of improvement.
Col fine di ridurre le emissioni dannose prodotte da veicoli a motore diesel, l’industria del petrolio è oggigiorno sempre più soggetta a pressioni legislative per la produzione di gasoli più puliti. Al fine di soddisfare le specifiche vigenti sul contenuto totale di zolfo di questi carburanti, è quindi necessario determinare condizioni operative economicamente sostenibili che consentano a tecnologie consolidate quali l’idrotrattamento, di rimuovere quelle specie chimiche particolarmente refrattarie (come i 4-DBTs ed i 4,-6-DBTs), che non vengono tipicamente convertite alle condizioni di esercizio comunemente adottate. In quest’ottica, l’abilità del simulatore di processo di prevedere la distribuzione dei composti solforati nei prodotti di idrotrattamento, necessita di essere migliorata. Attualmente, una delle maggiori limitazioni dell’uso di modelli cinetici, è rappresentato dalle incertezze analitiche associate alla speciazione di zolfo delle correnti alimentate al processo, condotta tramite GC-SCD. In tempi relativamente recenti, l’utilizzo combinato di tecniche analitiche quali la gas cromatografia monodimensionale (GC-SCD) e la gas cromatografia bi-dimensionale comprensiva (GC×GC-SCD), sembra aver determinato progressi significativi nella descrizione della composizione delle correnti di alimentazione. Tuttavia, quale sia il metodo di accoppiamento più efficiente delle due tecniche analitiche in questione, è ancora oggetto di dibattito. In questo studio verranno presentate le principali caratteristiche del processo di idrotrattamento dei gasoli, unitamente all’approccio adottato all’ IFP per modellare tale sistema reagente. Verranno anche discusse in maniera approfondita sia la gas cromatografia monodimensionale (GC-SCD) che la gas cromatografia bidimensionale comprensiva (GC×GC-SCD), evidenziando i vantaggi e gli svantaggi delle due tecniche. In seguito, verranno anche presentati due metodi sviluppati internamente all’IFP per la combinazione delle due tecniche, valutandone l’impatto sulle performance del simulatore di idrotrattamento. In ultima istanza, alcune analisi condotte tramite GC×GC-SCD, verranno anche utilizzate per verificare alcune assunzioni su cui si basa il metodo di modellazione, aprendo la via verso nuove promettenti prospettive di miglioramento.
Comparative study of the sulfur speciation by GC and GCxGC for gas oil characterization and HDT process simulation
ZANI, MICHELE
2016/2017
Abstract
The oil industry is nowadays under increasing pressure from legislators to improve the quality of diesel fuels with the aim of reducing harmful emissions in the exhausts of diesel-powered vehicles. In order to meet the current sulfur specifications there is a need to find economically sustainable hydrotreating conditions allowing for the removal of those refractory species that are typically not converted under standard operating conditions (e.g. 4-DBTs and 4,6-DBTs). To do that, the ability of the HDT process simulator to foresee the distribution of sulfur-containing compounds in the hydrotreated products needs to be enhanced. At the moment, one of the major limitations to the use of kinetic models, is represented by the analytical uncertainties related to the sulfur speciation of feedstocks by GC-SCD. In this respect, significant improvements seem to derive from the integration of multidimensional comprehensive chromatographic analyses such as GC×GC-SCD within the conventional sulfur speciation protocol. However, the most effective way of combining the two analytical techniques still need to be defined with scientific evidences. In this study, the main features of the gas oil hydrotreating process are presented along with the approach developed at IFP to model such a reacting system. Furthermore, in-depth description of both GC-SCD and GC×GC-SCD analytical systems is given, highlighting pros and cons of the two techniques. Finally, two new internally developed methods for combining GC and GC×GC will be reviewed, assessing their impact on the prediction performances of the in-house built HDT process simulator. Nevertheless, GC×GC-SCD analyses will also be used to validate some assumptions at the base of the modeling approach, opening the way towards new promising perspectives of improvement.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Comparative Study of the Sulfur Speciation by GC and GC×GC for Gas Oil Characterization and HDT Process Simulation.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/135000