Solid Waste Management is an issue that is affecting today's society. The accumulation of waste is a real problem that touches our social, economic and environmental lives. Traditional methods to take care of this issue, as landfills and incinerators, are no longer effective. The need to find alternative solutions to this generation and accumulation of waste is impelling. The reason that brought our society to this situation is the linear model of consumption, based on a take-make-dispose structure. The solution that many researches recognize as the most valuable is the shift of our economy from this linear model of consumption towards a circular one. Circular models of consumption are based on the principles of Circular Economy. One of the main goal of this economy is to cut out waste. In this perspective, there is no such thing as waste: if products were designed according to circular principles, the production of waste (especially end of life waste) would be minimized, as any other kind of negative externality on the environment. The consumption of virgin materials would be minimized too. China is one of the world’s biggest producers of solid waste, thus finding a solution to this issue is a real need. In 2015 the Chinese government pointed out ten sectors of the industry that need to shift their production towards more circular and sustainable business models. One sector that has been included among these is the textile industry. This industry, the second most pollutant industry in the world, is generating in China alone more than 26 million tons of textile waste each year. This thesis focuses on finding a way to shift the Chinese textile industry towards a circular structure, through the development of a service based on materials’ optimization and network creation. In order to do this, the author applied the Design Thinking approach throughout the development of this thesis. The first part of it focuses on gaining knowledge about the topic, deepening the understanding of the moments in the lifecycles of textile products where waste is generated and framing existing methods that can be applied to minimize it. After that, the author focuses on the collection of insights and inspirations useful to develop a design concept, which was lately implemented into a Service Design project. Aim of the project is to minimize the production of waste throughout the lifecycle of textile products by creating closed networks among the actors, which enable materials to be kept at their higher value for longer periods. The output of the thesis is a Service, named FLIP, based on an online platform, where all the actors involved in the generation of textile waste (designers, manufacturers, retailers and consumers) can connect among each others to exchange materials, in order to give them a new life. The Service also include a solid educational part, which turned out to be fundamental to create stronger awareness about the topic and about opportunities to face it. Moreover, the project focuses on possible methods to give to this network credibility and reliability, necessary to make actors willing to be part of it, as an additional value to their identity and sustainable activity. The implementation and testing of some parts of the project allow the author to recognize a growing interest from people’s perspective in the topic of textile waste, especially in relation with conscious consumption, upcycling brands and sustainable fashion. This gave the author the possibility to positively verify some assumptions in terms of willingness to participate in a similar project from the users’ side. Lastly, some conclusions are drawn and next steps are identified. Among the next steps, the need to enlarge and build trust in the network is identified, in order to make the Service as effective and impactful as possible.
La gestione dei rifiuti solidi è una questione che colpisce la società di oggi. L’accumulo di rifiuti è un problema concreto che tocca la nostra vita sociale, economica e ambientale. Metodi tradizionali per affrontare questa questione, come le discariche o gli inceneritori, non sono più efficaci. La necessità di trovare soluzioni alternative alla generazione e all’accumulo di rifiuti è impellente. Ciò che ha condotto la nostra società a questa situazione è un modello di consumo lineare, basato su un processo di “take-make-dispose”. La soluzione che in molti riconoscono come la più valida è uno spostamento della nostra economia da questo modello di consumo lineare ad uno circolare. I modelli di consumo circolari sono basati sui principi dell’Economia Circolare. Uno degli obiettivi principali di questa economia è l’eliminazione dei rifiuti. Secondo questa prospettiva, niente è rifiuto: se i prodotti fossero progettati secondo principi circolari, la produzione di rifiuti (specialmente alla fine del ciclo di vita) sarebbe minimizzata, così come ogni altro output dannoso per l’ambiente. Anche il consumo di risorse primarie verrebbe minimizzato. La Cina è uno dei principali produttori di rifiuti solidi, perciò trovare una soluzione a questo problema è una vera necessità. Nel 2015 il governo cinese ha indicato dieci settori industriali che necessitano di modificare la loro produzione secondo modelli di business più circolari e sostenibili. Un settore che è stato incluso tra questi è quello tessile. Questo settore, il secondo più inquinante al mondo, genera solo in Cina più di 26 milioni di tonnellate all’anno di rifiuti tessili. Questa tesi si concentra sul suggerire un modo per traslare l’industria tessile cinese verso una struttura circolare, attraverso lo sviluppo di un servizio basato sull’ottimizzazione dei materiali e la creazione di un network. Per fare ciò, l’autrice ha utilizzato l’approccio del Design Thinking nell’intero sviluppo della tesi. La prima parte si concentra sull’acquisire conoscenza riguardo l’argomento, approfondendo quei momenti del ciclo di vita dei prodotti tessili in cui i rifiuti vengono generati e analizzando metodi esistenti che possono essere applicati per minimizzarli. In seguito, l’autrice ha raccolto punti di vista e ispirazioni utili per sviluppare un design concept, che è stato poi implementato in un progetto di Service Design. L’obiettivo del progetto è di ridurre la produzione di rifiuti all’interno del ciclo di vita dei prodotti tessili creando network chiusi tra diversi attori, permettendo di mantenere i materiali al massimo del loro valore il più a lungo possibile. L’output della tesi è un servizio, FLIP, basato su una piattaforma online, dove tutti gli attori coinvolti nella produzione di rifiuti (designer, produttori, rivenditori e consumatori) posso connettersi e scambiare materiali, per dar loro una nuova vita. Il servizio include anche una parte educativa, che si è dimostrata indispensabile per creare consapevolezza riguardo l’argomento e le possibilità per affrontarlo. In più, il progetto si concentra su possibili metodi per dare credibilità e affidabilità al network, fattori necessari per rendere gli attori volenterosi di esserne parte, come valore aggiunto alla loro identità in quanto attività sostenibile. Lo sviluppo e la prototipazione di alcune parti del progetto hanno permesso all’autrice di notare un interesse crescente da parte delle persone riguardo la tematica dei rifiuti tessili, specialmente in relazione con concetti come il consumo consapevole, l’upcycling e la moda sostenibile. Questo ha dato all’autrice la possibilità di verificare positivamente alcune ipotesi relative alla volontà di partecipare ad un progetto simile da parte degli utenti. Infine, sono state dedotte alcune conclusioni e identificati possibili futuri step. Tra questi, il bisogno di allargare il network e rafforzarne l’affidabilità, in modo da rendere il servizio più efficiente e efficace possibile.
Design circular strategies in the textile industry to manage China's waste generation
MEDA, ANNA
2016/2017
Abstract
Solid Waste Management is an issue that is affecting today's society. The accumulation of waste is a real problem that touches our social, economic and environmental lives. Traditional methods to take care of this issue, as landfills and incinerators, are no longer effective. The need to find alternative solutions to this generation and accumulation of waste is impelling. The reason that brought our society to this situation is the linear model of consumption, based on a take-make-dispose structure. The solution that many researches recognize as the most valuable is the shift of our economy from this linear model of consumption towards a circular one. Circular models of consumption are based on the principles of Circular Economy. One of the main goal of this economy is to cut out waste. In this perspective, there is no such thing as waste: if products were designed according to circular principles, the production of waste (especially end of life waste) would be minimized, as any other kind of negative externality on the environment. The consumption of virgin materials would be minimized too. China is one of the world’s biggest producers of solid waste, thus finding a solution to this issue is a real need. In 2015 the Chinese government pointed out ten sectors of the industry that need to shift their production towards more circular and sustainable business models. One sector that has been included among these is the textile industry. This industry, the second most pollutant industry in the world, is generating in China alone more than 26 million tons of textile waste each year. This thesis focuses on finding a way to shift the Chinese textile industry towards a circular structure, through the development of a service based on materials’ optimization and network creation. In order to do this, the author applied the Design Thinking approach throughout the development of this thesis. The first part of it focuses on gaining knowledge about the topic, deepening the understanding of the moments in the lifecycles of textile products where waste is generated and framing existing methods that can be applied to minimize it. After that, the author focuses on the collection of insights and inspirations useful to develop a design concept, which was lately implemented into a Service Design project. Aim of the project is to minimize the production of waste throughout the lifecycle of textile products by creating closed networks among the actors, which enable materials to be kept at their higher value for longer periods. The output of the thesis is a Service, named FLIP, based on an online platform, where all the actors involved in the generation of textile waste (designers, manufacturers, retailers and consumers) can connect among each others to exchange materials, in order to give them a new life. The Service also include a solid educational part, which turned out to be fundamental to create stronger awareness about the topic and about opportunities to face it. Moreover, the project focuses on possible methods to give to this network credibility and reliability, necessary to make actors willing to be part of it, as an additional value to their identity and sustainable activity. The implementation and testing of some parts of the project allow the author to recognize a growing interest from people’s perspective in the topic of textile waste, especially in relation with conscious consumption, upcycling brands and sustainable fashion. This gave the author the possibility to positively verify some assumptions in terms of willingness to participate in a similar project from the users’ side. Lastly, some conclusions are drawn and next steps are identified. Among the next steps, the need to enlarge and build trust in the network is identified, in order to make the Service as effective and impactful as possible.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/135573