The main objective of this Thesis is to investigate and compare the inter-stage flowfield in two different steam axial turbines. The first focus has been given to unsteady measurement analysis downstream of rotor cascades. The entire experimental campaign has been carried out in the Fluidynamic Laboratory of Politecnico di Milano using LS Closed Loop Test Rig. Each test set up consists of one and half axial turbine stage designed by General Electric, composed by two stators, one rotor and an additional inlet guide vane (IGV) placed upstream of the first stator to simulate an additional rotor and so more realistic conditions. The two stages (Stage A and Stage B) are intended to powertrain applications and their main difference is related to rotor blades design. Steady analysis has been performed by means of five-hole pressure probes downstream of the stator cascades, while for rotors an unsteady flowfield characterisation has been carried out using fast response aerodynamics pressure probe (FRAPP). In order to properly compare the two configurations, each stage has been analysed in detail with the same procedure. Besides blades and wakes representation on different measurement planes, particular attention has been given to vortical structures and aerodynamic losses. Concerning Stage B, an additional comparison between different operating conditions has been completed. A final comparison between the two stages is reported considering aerodynamic performances and thermodynamics.
Il principale obbiettivo del presente lavoro è l’indagine del campo di moto inter-stadio in due differenti turbine assiali a vapore, focalizzandosi in particolare sulla misurazione e l’analisi del moto instazionario a valle della schiera rotorica. L’intera campagna sperimentale è stata condotta nel Laboratorio di Fluidodinamica delle Macchine del Politecnico di Milano sfruttando l’LS Closed Loop Test Rig. Ciascun setup di prova consiste in uno stadio e mezzo di turbina assiale, progettato da General Electric e composto da due statori, un rotore ed un Inlet Gude Vane (IGV) posizionato a monte del primo statore al fine di simulare un ulteriore rotore e, in questo modo, condizioni di lavoro più realistiche. I due stadi (Stadio A e Stadio B) sono destinati ad applicazioni di tipo powertrain e la loro principale differenza sta nel design progettuale del rotore. Analisi di tipo stazionario sono state effettuate per mezzo di sonde pneumatiche a cinque fori a valle delle schiere statoriche, mentre, per quanto riguarda i rotori è stata condotta un’analisi instazionaria mediante FRAPP (Fast Response Aerodynamic Pressure Probe). Al fine di confrontare correttamente le due configurazioni, ciascuno stadio è stato analizzato nel dettaglio con la stessa procedura. Oltre alla rappresentazione di pale e scie sui diversi piani di misura, particolare attenzione è stata data a strutture vorticose e perdite aerodinamiche. Per quanto riguarda lo Stadio B, è stato effettuato un ulteriore confronto tra differenti condizione di lavoro. È riportato infine un confronto globale tra i due stadi, considerando performance aerodinamiche e termodinamiche.
Unsteady aerodynamic characterisation of two steam turbine stages
MACCHI, CARLO;LEVATI, ANDREA
2016/2017
Abstract
The main objective of this Thesis is to investigate and compare the inter-stage flowfield in two different steam axial turbines. The first focus has been given to unsteady measurement analysis downstream of rotor cascades. The entire experimental campaign has been carried out in the Fluidynamic Laboratory of Politecnico di Milano using LS Closed Loop Test Rig. Each test set up consists of one and half axial turbine stage designed by General Electric, composed by two stators, one rotor and an additional inlet guide vane (IGV) placed upstream of the first stator to simulate an additional rotor and so more realistic conditions. The two stages (Stage A and Stage B) are intended to powertrain applications and their main difference is related to rotor blades design. Steady analysis has been performed by means of five-hole pressure probes downstream of the stator cascades, while for rotors an unsteady flowfield characterisation has been carried out using fast response aerodynamics pressure probe (FRAPP). In order to properly compare the two configurations, each stage has been analysed in detail with the same procedure. Besides blades and wakes representation on different measurement planes, particular attention has been given to vortical structures and aerodynamic losses. Concerning Stage B, an additional comparison between different operating conditions has been completed. A final comparison between the two stages is reported considering aerodynamic performances and thermodynamics.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/135811