This thesis work deals with the design, implementation and characterization of a Kerr microscope for magnetic imaging of micro and nanostructures. The Kerr microscope is an extension of a polarization contrast microscope and allows to probe the local magnetic properties of ferromagnetic specimens. Magnetic domains imaging provides the most direct access to the effective magnetic properties of materials down to the nanoscale, which is crucial to foresee the magnetic response of innovative materials and devices in the field of magnetism, magnetic memories and Spintronics. Among other techniques like Magnetic Force Microscopy and X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism-Photoemission Electron Microscopy, Kerr Microscopy is of simpler implementation, gives sub-micrometric resolution, does not require a complex sample preparation and allows very fast measurements in applied magnetic field. The activity started from a preliminary investigation of an optical Zeiss-Axiotron microscope to understand the feasibility of its use to implement a Kerr microscope. Design of a couple of water-cooled electromagnets and of a sample holder with five degrees of freedom has been done to permit the application of in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields to the sample in close proximity to the microscope objective. A Matlab toolbox was developed in order to allow the full control of the experimental setup and permits the acquisition, post-processing and analysis of magnetic images. The software enables user’s scripting, allowing to perform automatic complex sequences of measurements. An accurate characterization of the microscope performances and noise sources has been carried out to guide a microscope user to set-up custom measurements. Finally, the capabilities of the Kerr microscope has been tested on three relevant case studies: 1. microcapacitors made by artificial multiferroics for the electric control of the magnetization; 2. permalloy zig-zag shaped micrometric conduits for lab-on-chip applications; 3. micromagnetic patterns created by thermally assisted scanning probe lithography. These studies pointed out that the developed instrument is a state-of-art Kerr microscope.
Il lavoro di questa tesi riguarda il design, l’implementazione e la caratterizzazione di un microscopio Kerr per l’imaging di micro e nanostrutture. Il microscopio Kerr è un’estensione di un microscopio a contrasto di polarizzazione e permette di misurare le proprietà magnetiche di campioni ferromagnetici. La visualizzazione dei domini ferromagnetici fornisce un accesso diretto alle effettive proprietà magnetiche fino alla scala nanometrica, di cruciale importanza per prevedere la risposta magnetica di materiali innovativi e dispositivi nei campi del magnetismo, memorie magnetiche e Spintronica. Rispetto altre tecniche come MFM e XCMD-PEEM, la microscopia Kerr è di più facile implementazione, con risoluzione sotto il micrometro, non richiede una specifica preparazione del campione ed ha un elevata velocità di misura. L’attività è iniziata da un’investigazione preliminare di un microscopio Zeiss-Axiotron al fine di implementare le modifiche richiesta da un microscopio Kerr. Il design di una coppia di elettromagneti raffreddati ad acqua e un sistema porta campioni con cinque gradi di libertà per permetter l’applicazione di un campo magnetico nel piano e fuori dal piano del campione in prossimità dell’obiettivo del microscopio. È stato sviluppato un toolbox Matlab per il controllo del setup sperimentale e l’acquisizione, post-elaborazione e analisi magnetica delle immagini. Il software permette lo scripting permettendo complesse procedure automatiche di misura. È stata effettuata un’accurata caratterizzazione delle performance e delle sorgenti di rumore per guidare un utente alla configurazione del microscopio. In conclusione, sono state testate le capacità del microscopio Kerr su tre casi di studio: 1. microcapacitori contenenti multiferroici artificiali per il controllo elettrico della magnetizzazione 2. condotti micrometrici di permalloy con a forma a zig-zag per applicazioni lab-on-chip 3. pattern micromagnetici realizzati attraverso la tecnica tam-SPL Questi studi hanno dimostrato che il microscopio Kerr sviluppato è allo stato dell’arte.
Development of a Kerr microscope for the study of magnetic micro and nanostructures
STELLA, MATTIA
2016/2017
Abstract
This thesis work deals with the design, implementation and characterization of a Kerr microscope for magnetic imaging of micro and nanostructures. The Kerr microscope is an extension of a polarization contrast microscope and allows to probe the local magnetic properties of ferromagnetic specimens. Magnetic domains imaging provides the most direct access to the effective magnetic properties of materials down to the nanoscale, which is crucial to foresee the magnetic response of innovative materials and devices in the field of magnetism, magnetic memories and Spintronics. Among other techniques like Magnetic Force Microscopy and X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism-Photoemission Electron Microscopy, Kerr Microscopy is of simpler implementation, gives sub-micrometric resolution, does not require a complex sample preparation and allows very fast measurements in applied magnetic field. The activity started from a preliminary investigation of an optical Zeiss-Axiotron microscope to understand the feasibility of its use to implement a Kerr microscope. Design of a couple of water-cooled electromagnets and of a sample holder with five degrees of freedom has been done to permit the application of in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields to the sample in close proximity to the microscope objective. A Matlab toolbox was developed in order to allow the full control of the experimental setup and permits the acquisition, post-processing and analysis of magnetic images. The software enables user’s scripting, allowing to perform automatic complex sequences of measurements. An accurate characterization of the microscope performances and noise sources has been carried out to guide a microscope user to set-up custom measurements. Finally, the capabilities of the Kerr microscope has been tested on three relevant case studies: 1. microcapacitors made by artificial multiferroics for the electric control of the magnetization; 2. permalloy zig-zag shaped micrometric conduits for lab-on-chip applications; 3. micromagnetic patterns created by thermally assisted scanning probe lithography. These studies pointed out that the developed instrument is a state-of-art Kerr microscope.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/135826