The study and the characterisation of multiphase flows have a key role in the process industry, which often deal with mixtures characterised by the coexistence of various liquid and gas phases. The lack of a complete theoretical model makes the experimental research, carried out in the Multiphase Thermo-Fluid Dynamics laboratory of Politecnico di Milan, valuable in his effort to describe the fluidodynamic behaviour of multiphase flows. The focus of this study has been the behaviour of bi-phase mixtures (water and very viscous oil) and three-phase (air, water and very viscous oil) in ID 50 mm and ID 40 mm pipes. The characterization of an intermittent three-phase regime has been done by using two different probes, namely a capacitance and an optical one. Elaborating with different techniques the signals that have been acquired, it has been possible to determine the characteristic parameters of the flow regimes under investigation. The transitional bubble velocity allowed to compare the two instruments highlighting how the optical one was the most reliable. The use of the drift flux model for three-phase flow has been reviewed, some limitations have been found and a conclusive adoption of the equivalent liquid approach, oil and water considered as a unique liquid phase, is not possible. The analysis of the optical allowed a statistical description of slug and bubble length distribution. Experimental tests have been done to assess the performance of differential pressure meters as online multiphase flowmeters. The results show how the ID 40 mm nozzle and the Venturi are averagely the best performing flow meters. Furthermore, by analysing the pressure drops values obtained, it was possible to verify different empirical correlations for mass flow rate estimation.
Lo studio e la caratterizzazione di flussi multifase assume un ruolo di assoluto rilievo in quanto, in ambito industriale, si ha spesso a che fare con miscele caratterizzate appunto dalla coesistenza di più fasi liquide e gassose di diversa natura. Visto l’importante risvolto applicativo, la necessità di comprendere a fondo il comportamento fluidodinamico ed il cercare di arrivare ad una precisa descrizione analitica di quest’ultimo rende la ricerca sperimentale di fondamentale importanza. Le attività scientifiche svolte presso il laboratorio di Termofluidodinamica Multifase del Politecnico di Milano vanno in questa direzione. Sono state condotte campagne sperimentali in condotti da ID 50 mm e ID 40 mm considerando sia miscele bifase (acqua e olio viscoso) che trifase (aria, acqua e olio viscoso). La caratterizzazione di un regime trifase intermittente è stata effettuata mediante l’utilizzo di due strumenti, uno di tipo ottico ed uno di tipo capacimetrico. Elaborando con diverse tecniche i segnali acquisiti, è stato possibile determinare i parametri caratteristici del regime sopra citato. Nello specifico, la determinazione della velocità delle bolle ha consentito di confrontare i due strumenti evidenziando la migliore affidabilità di quello ottico. È stata valutata l’efficacia del modello drift flux per un flusso trifase; tuttavia alcune limitazioni vengono rilevate sull’ adozione dell’approccio del liquido equivalente, per cui olio e acqua vengono accomunati in un'unica fase liquida. L’analisi del segnale ha consentito la determinazione e la conseguente descrizione statistica delle lunghezze degli slug e delle bolle. Inoltre, sono state effettuate prove sperimentali atte ad indagare le performance di dispositivi per la misura della portata in presenza delle miscele sopra citate. I risultati mostrano come il boccaglio (ID 40 mm) ed il Venturi garantiscano mediamente i migliori risultati. A partire dai valori di cadute di pressione ricavati, inoltre, è stato possibile andare a verificare diverse correlazioni empiriche per la determinazione della portata massica.
Experimental analysis of three-phase oil-water-air flows in horizontal pipes of variable and constant cross section
CASTELLANO, JACOPO;CASLINI, FRANCESCO
2016/2017
Abstract
The study and the characterisation of multiphase flows have a key role in the process industry, which often deal with mixtures characterised by the coexistence of various liquid and gas phases. The lack of a complete theoretical model makes the experimental research, carried out in the Multiphase Thermo-Fluid Dynamics laboratory of Politecnico di Milan, valuable in his effort to describe the fluidodynamic behaviour of multiphase flows. The focus of this study has been the behaviour of bi-phase mixtures (water and very viscous oil) and three-phase (air, water and very viscous oil) in ID 50 mm and ID 40 mm pipes. The characterization of an intermittent three-phase regime has been done by using two different probes, namely a capacitance and an optical one. Elaborating with different techniques the signals that have been acquired, it has been possible to determine the characteristic parameters of the flow regimes under investigation. The transitional bubble velocity allowed to compare the two instruments highlighting how the optical one was the most reliable. The use of the drift flux model for three-phase flow has been reviewed, some limitations have been found and a conclusive adoption of the equivalent liquid approach, oil and water considered as a unique liquid phase, is not possible. The analysis of the optical allowed a statistical description of slug and bubble length distribution. Experimental tests have been done to assess the performance of differential pressure meters as online multiphase flowmeters. The results show how the ID 40 mm nozzle and the Venturi are averagely the best performing flow meters. Furthermore, by analysing the pressure drops values obtained, it was possible to verify different empirical correlations for mass flow rate estimation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/135855