The investigation fulfilled for this thesis work originates from a real need to protect a metal device from its corrosion; indeed, this might happen because of the fact that the considered device is immersed into a fluid that is slightly acid (it has a pH of about 4-5) and because it is composed by metal parts that are passed through by electrical current. Since these metal parts, due to their dimensions, constitute an important section of the entire machine and since the use of special steels might highly increase the cost of the machine itself, a solution was searched in order to use cheap steels protected by organic coating that will prevent them from corrosion. The requisites were several and numerous; first of all, the organic coating has to have high conductivity, high stability in acid condition and in an electric field and, naturally, an acceptable cost. Hence, the purpose of this thesis work was to examine the characteristics of the process and the properties of coating composed by organic resin and carbon nanotubes (CNT) in order to establish its applicability for conductive and anti-corrosion uses. So as to guarantee adequate conductive properties for this composite, it was important to make use of high percentages of carbon nanotubes, which dispersion is actually a problem with high CNT/resin ratio, but it is necessary to obtain the conductivity and the mechanical resistance desired. The main issue, faced while using composite formed with carbon nanotubes, is that nanotubes should disperse inside the resin, avoiding, in this way, the possible formation of CNT aggregations and the inadequate adhesion to the substrate. As a result of numerous preliminary studies, such as tests and analysis on the process, it has been decided to use an epoxy bicomponent resin as a binder, a dispersing additive and high quantity of a solvent, capable of inserting itself between CNT’s surface; particular coating techniques were used combined with thermal treatments. Further thermal treatments were necessary during the hardening process. This thesis work focuses on the analysis of organic coatings with different percentages of carbon nanotubes, examining not only the conductive properties, but also the mechanical and anti-corrosive properties. In addition to the conductive tests already mentioned, the study of these characteristics was done also by the realization of tests on physical properties, such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and mechanical tests, such as abrasion, adhesion and hardness. Moreover, a detailed analysis was done about the morphology and the surface of the coating so obtained, through tests such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Water Contact Angle (WCA) and Optical Microscope. The characterization of the coating was ended with some electrochemical tests, as Electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic test, which had the aim to find out the resistance to corrosion and to have an additional proof of their adequate conductivity as well.Since these metal parts, due to their dimensions, constitute an important section of the entire machine and since the use of special steels might highly increase the cost of the machine itself, a solution was searched in order to use cheap steels protected by organic coating that will prevent them from corrosion. The requisites were several and numerous; first of all, the organic coating has to have high conductivity, high stability in acid condition and in an electric field and, naturally, an acceptable cost. Hence, the purpose of this thesis work was to examine the characteristics of the process and the properties of coating composed by organic resin and carbon nanotubes (CNT) in order to establish its applicability for conductive and anti-corrosion uses. So as to guarantee adequate conductive properties for this composite, it was important to make use of high percentages of carbon nanotubes, which dispersion is actually a problem with high CNT/resin ratio, but it is necessary to obtain the conductivity and the mechanical resistance desired. The main issue, faced while using composite formed with carbon nanotubes, is that nanotubes should disperse inside the resin, avoiding, in this way, the possible formation of CNT aggregations and the inadequate adhesion to the substrate. As a result of numerous preliminary studies, such as tests and analysis on the process, it has been decided to use an epoxy bicomponent resin as a binder, a dispersing additive and high quantity of a solvent, capable of inserting itself between CNT’s surface; particular coating techniques were used combined with thermal treatments. Further thermal treatments were necessary during the hardening process. This thesis work focuses on the analysis of organic coatings with different percentages of carbon nanotubes, examining not only the conductive properties, but also the mechanical and anti-corrosive properties. In addition to the conductive tests already mentioned, the study of these characteristics was done also by the realization of tests on physical properties, such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and mechanical tests, such as abrasion, adhesion and hardness. Moreover, a detailed analysis was done about the morphology and the surface of the coating so obtained, through tests such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Water Contact Angle (WCA) and Optical Microscope. The characterization of the coating was ended with some electrochemical tests, as Electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic test, which had the aim to find out the resistance to corrosion and to have an additional proof of their adequate conductivity as well.
L’indagine condotta in questo lavoro di tesi parte dalla esigenza di proteggere dalla corrosione una apparecchiatura metallica immersa in un fluido con pH leggermente acido (4-5) e con parti metalliche attraversate da una corrente elettrica. Poiché tali componenti metallici costituiscono per dimensioni una parte importante dell’intera macchina e poiché l’utilizzo di acciai speciali ne avrebbe aggravato il costo, si è cercata una soluzione che permettesse di utilizzare acciai economici ma protetti da rivestimenti organici. Si richiedeva per prima cosa una alta conducibilità del rivestimento organico, un’alta stabilità in condizioni acide e in campo elettrico e naturalmente un costo economico accettabile. Lo scopo di questa tesi è stato dunque quello di indagare sulle caratteristiche di processo e sulle proprietà di coating compositi di resina organica e nanotubi di carbonio (CNT) per stabilirne l’applicabilità per impieghi conduttivi anticorrosivi. Per garantire buone proprietà conduttive con tale composito è necessario però impiegare elevate percentuali di nanotubi di carbonio la cui dispersione è problematica ad elevati rapporti CNT/resina ma basilare per ottenere conducibilità e resistenza meccanica. La principale problematica che si riscontra nell’impiego di compositi contenenti nanotubi di carbonio è, infatti, la difficoltà di disperdere gli stessi all’interno della resina, evitando aggregazioni dei CNT e scarsa adesione sul substrato. A seguito di diversi studi preliminari, test e variazioni sul processo, si è deciso di utilizzare come binder una resina epossidica bicomponente, un additivo disperdente e elevati quantitativi di un solvente capace di interporsi tra le superfici dei CNT; sono servite particolari tecniche di stesura, con step di deposizione del coating intervallati da cicli termici. Ulteriori cicli termici sono stati necessari durante il processo di indurimento. La tesi verte sull’analisi di rivestimenti organici con diverse percentuali di nanotubi di carbonio, con indagine non solo delle proprietà di conducibilità, ma anche su proprietà meccaniche e sulle proprietà anti-corrosive. L’investigazione delle sue caratteristiche è stata effettuata andando ad eseguire, oltre alle sopracitate prove di conducibilità, prove che ne identifichino le caratteristiche fisiche, quali calorimetria differenziale a scansione (DSC), termogravimetria (TGA), e le caratteristiche meccaniche, quali abrasione, adesione e durezza, oltre a prove che analizzino in dettaglio morfologia e superficie dei rivestimenti ottenuti; a tale scopo sono state effettuate prove di microscopia elettronica a scansione (SEM), microscopia a forza atomica (AFM), angolo di contatto (WCA), e microscopia ottica. La caratterizzazione dei coating è terminata con delle prove elettrochimiche, quali prove di impedenza (EIS) e prove potenziodinamiche, aventi lo scopo di caratterizzare la resistenza a corrosione e al contempo avere un’ulteriore conferma della conducibilità.Lo scopo di questa tesi è stato dunque quello di indagare sulle caratteristiche di processo e sulle proprietà di coating compositi di resina organica e nanotubi di carbonio (CNT) per stabilirne l’applicabilità per impieghi conduttivi anticorrosivi. Per garantire buone proprietà conduttive con tale composito è necessario però impiegare elevate percentuali di nanotubi di carbonio la cui dispersione è problematica ad elevati rapporti CNT/resina ma basilare per ottenere conducibilità e resistenza meccanica. La principale problematica che si riscontra nell’impiego di compositi contenenti nanotubi di carbonio è, infatti, la difficoltà di disperdere gli stessi all’interno della resina, evitando aggregazioni dei CNT e scarsa adesione sul substrato. A seguito di diversi studi preliminari, test e variazioni sul processo, si è deciso di utilizzare come binder una resina epossidica bicomponente, un additivo disperdente e elevati quantitativi di un solvente capace di interporsi tra le superfici dei CNT; sono servite particolari tecniche di stesura, con step di deposizione del coating intervallati da cicli termici. Ulteriori cicli termici sono stati necessari durante il processo di indurimento. La tesi verte sull’analisi di rivestimenti organici con diverse percentuali di nanotubi di carbonio, con indagine non solo delle proprietà di conducibilità, ma anche su proprietà meccaniche e sulle proprietà anti-corrosive. L’investigazione delle sue caratteristiche è stata effettuata andando ad eseguire, oltre alle sopracitate prove di conducibilità, prove che ne identifichino le caratteristiche fisiche, quali calorimetria differenziale a scansione (DSC), termogravimetria (TGA), e le caratteristiche meccaniche, quali abrasione, adesione e durezza, oltre a prove che analizzino in dettaglio morfologia e superficie dei rivestimenti ottenuti; a tale scopo sono state effettuate prove di microscopia elettronica a scansione (SEM), microscopia a forza atomica (AFM), angolo di contatto (WCA), e microscopia ottica. La caratterizzazione dei coating è terminata con delle prove elettrochimiche, quali prove di impedenza (EIS) e prove potenziodinamiche, aventi lo scopo di caratterizzare la resistenza a corrosione e al contempo avere un’ulteriore conferma della conducibilità.
Epoxy-CNTs composite coatings for conductive and anticorrosive applications
SAVARINO, LUCA
2016/2017
Abstract
The investigation fulfilled for this thesis work originates from a real need to protect a metal device from its corrosion; indeed, this might happen because of the fact that the considered device is immersed into a fluid that is slightly acid (it has a pH of about 4-5) and because it is composed by metal parts that are passed through by electrical current. Since these metal parts, due to their dimensions, constitute an important section of the entire machine and since the use of special steels might highly increase the cost of the machine itself, a solution was searched in order to use cheap steels protected by organic coating that will prevent them from corrosion. The requisites were several and numerous; first of all, the organic coating has to have high conductivity, high stability in acid condition and in an electric field and, naturally, an acceptable cost. Hence, the purpose of this thesis work was to examine the characteristics of the process and the properties of coating composed by organic resin and carbon nanotubes (CNT) in order to establish its applicability for conductive and anti-corrosion uses. So as to guarantee adequate conductive properties for this composite, it was important to make use of high percentages of carbon nanotubes, which dispersion is actually a problem with high CNT/resin ratio, but it is necessary to obtain the conductivity and the mechanical resistance desired. The main issue, faced while using composite formed with carbon nanotubes, is that nanotubes should disperse inside the resin, avoiding, in this way, the possible formation of CNT aggregations and the inadequate adhesion to the substrate. As a result of numerous preliminary studies, such as tests and analysis on the process, it has been decided to use an epoxy bicomponent resin as a binder, a dispersing additive and high quantity of a solvent, capable of inserting itself between CNT’s surface; particular coating techniques were used combined with thermal treatments. Further thermal treatments were necessary during the hardening process. This thesis work focuses on the analysis of organic coatings with different percentages of carbon nanotubes, examining not only the conductive properties, but also the mechanical and anti-corrosive properties. In addition to the conductive tests already mentioned, the study of these characteristics was done also by the realization of tests on physical properties, such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and mechanical tests, such as abrasion, adhesion and hardness. Moreover, a detailed analysis was done about the morphology and the surface of the coating so obtained, through tests such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Water Contact Angle (WCA) and Optical Microscope. The characterization of the coating was ended with some electrochemical tests, as Electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic test, which had the aim to find out the resistance to corrosion and to have an additional proof of their adequate conductivity as well.Since these metal parts, due to their dimensions, constitute an important section of the entire machine and since the use of special steels might highly increase the cost of the machine itself, a solution was searched in order to use cheap steels protected by organic coating that will prevent them from corrosion. The requisites were several and numerous; first of all, the organic coating has to have high conductivity, high stability in acid condition and in an electric field and, naturally, an acceptable cost. Hence, the purpose of this thesis work was to examine the characteristics of the process and the properties of coating composed by organic resin and carbon nanotubes (CNT) in order to establish its applicability for conductive and anti-corrosion uses. So as to guarantee adequate conductive properties for this composite, it was important to make use of high percentages of carbon nanotubes, which dispersion is actually a problem with high CNT/resin ratio, but it is necessary to obtain the conductivity and the mechanical resistance desired. The main issue, faced while using composite formed with carbon nanotubes, is that nanotubes should disperse inside the resin, avoiding, in this way, the possible formation of CNT aggregations and the inadequate adhesion to the substrate. As a result of numerous preliminary studies, such as tests and analysis on the process, it has been decided to use an epoxy bicomponent resin as a binder, a dispersing additive and high quantity of a solvent, capable of inserting itself between CNT’s surface; particular coating techniques were used combined with thermal treatments. Further thermal treatments were necessary during the hardening process. This thesis work focuses on the analysis of organic coatings with different percentages of carbon nanotubes, examining not only the conductive properties, but also the mechanical and anti-corrosive properties. In addition to the conductive tests already mentioned, the study of these characteristics was done also by the realization of tests on physical properties, such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and mechanical tests, such as abrasion, adhesion and hardness. Moreover, a detailed analysis was done about the morphology and the surface of the coating so obtained, through tests such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Water Contact Angle (WCA) and Optical Microscope. The characterization of the coating was ended with some electrochemical tests, as Electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentiodynamic test, which had the aim to find out the resistance to corrosion and to have an additional proof of their adequate conductivity as well.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/135949