Catalytic heating effects play a role of paramount importance for a spacecraft in atmospheric re-entry conditions, leading up to a half of the heat transfer to reusable Thermal Protection System (TPS) materials. The correct understanding of the gas-surface interaction phenomena is a critical aspect in the accurate modelling and engineering of these systems. Ground test facilities, like the ICP plasma wind tunnel at Von Kàrmàn Institute, are able to reproduce high enthalpy chemically reacting flows, suitable for the heating rate prediction on TPS materials in the actual aerothermochemical environment encountered by a space vehicle in real flight conditions. Catalytic properties are determined through a combined numerical-experimental methodology, on the basis of a heat balance approach. In the context of heterogeneous chemical reactions, one aims at determining the relationship between catalytic efficiency of the TPS material and its surface temperature, independently of flow conditions. However, this objective could not have been achieved in the VKI Plasmatron so far, due to the current testing conditions in which dependence on plasma jet parameters persisted. The aim of the present work is the design and experimental assessment of a cooled stagnation point probe, suitable to isolate the functional dependence of the recombination coefficient on the TPS material surface temperature.
Il riscaldamento catalitico gioca un ruolo fondamentale per un veicolo spaziale in condizioni di rientro atmosferico, essendo responsabile di una significativa quotaparte del trasferimento di calore verso Sistemi di Protezione Termica (TPS) riutilizzabili. La corretta comprensione dei fenomeni di interazione gas-superficie rappresenta un aspetto fondamentale per la modellazione e la progettazione di questi sistemi. Laboratori di sperimentazione a terra, in strutture quali l’ICP plasma wind tunnel presso il von Kàrmàn Institute, permettono di riprodurre flussi chimicamente reattivi ad alta entalpia, adatti per la predizione dei flussi di calore su materiali TPS in condizioni aerotermochimiche simili a quelle incontrate da un veicolo spaziale in condizioni di volo. Le proprietà catalitiche vengono dunque determinate tramite un metodo combinato numerico-sperimentale, basato su un approccio energetico. Nel contesto delle reazioni chimiche eterogenee, si intende determinare una relazione empirica tra l’efficienza catalitica e la temperatura superficiale del materiale, indipendentemente dalle condizioni di flusso. Fino ad ora però, non era possibile raggiungere questo obiettivo nel Plasmatron, a causa delle attuali condizioni di test in cui permaneva la dipendenza dai parametri del getto di plasma. Lo scopo del presente lavoro è la progettazione e la validazione sperimentale di una sonda di ristagno in configurazione raffreddata, adatta ad isolare la dipendenza del coefficiente di ricombinazione superficiale dalla temperatura del materiale TPS.
Isolating temperature effects in gas-surface interaction phenomena : an experimental investigation in plasma wind tunnel
FAGNANI, ANDREA
2016/2017
Abstract
Catalytic heating effects play a role of paramount importance for a spacecraft in atmospheric re-entry conditions, leading up to a half of the heat transfer to reusable Thermal Protection System (TPS) materials. The correct understanding of the gas-surface interaction phenomena is a critical aspect in the accurate modelling and engineering of these systems. Ground test facilities, like the ICP plasma wind tunnel at Von Kàrmàn Institute, are able to reproduce high enthalpy chemically reacting flows, suitable for the heating rate prediction on TPS materials in the actual aerothermochemical environment encountered by a space vehicle in real flight conditions. Catalytic properties are determined through a combined numerical-experimental methodology, on the basis of a heat balance approach. In the context of heterogeneous chemical reactions, one aims at determining the relationship between catalytic efficiency of the TPS material and its surface temperature, independently of flow conditions. However, this objective could not have been achieved in the VKI Plasmatron so far, due to the current testing conditions in which dependence on plasma jet parameters persisted. The aim of the present work is the design and experimental assessment of a cooled stagnation point probe, suitable to isolate the functional dependence of the recombination coefficient on the TPS material surface temperature.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/136084