The energy production sector is continuously evolving and includes some of the most innovative technologies. The great increase and development of renewable energies has led to serious grid instability issues. An intermediate storage between wind or solar sources and conventional power plants is indispensable. Due to these factors a great effort in research is currently being conducted to develop storage systems. An innovative compressed air energy storage technology is the topic of this research activity. The idea is to extract air from a gas turbine during periods of low energy requirement, and subsequently reinject it back into the machine during periods of high power demand. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of a single shaft industrial engine, inspired by the SGT-300, is performed with Turbomatch, a performance simulation software developed by Cranfield University. Particular attention has been focused on the engine stability limits and an accurate assessment of the maximum amount of air that can be extracted from or injected into the gas turbine, without pushing the engine into dangerous conditions, is accomplished. The range of mass flows considered goes from 2.5% to 20% of the inlet mass flow at design conditions. All the analysis have been performed using a discretised compressor model and different load distributions have been considered. These factors affect the engine response but general trends are evaluated. As best location where to perform air extraction and injection has been identified the last stage of the compressor. Taking into consideration safety of operations and engine life duration, the maximum amount of air that can be extracted is 15% of compressor inlet flow at rated conditions, while for the injection phase it is 10%. This allows a 20% extra power production and an increase in thermal efficiency around 10%. This preliminary study set at the forefront of the technological development of the innovative compressed air energy storage technology and provides an insight on the impact of extraction and favourable injection locations that will require CFD analysis for verification.
Il settore energetico `e in continua evoluzione e comprende alcune delle tecnologie pi`u innovative. Il grande sviluppo delle energie rinnovabili ha portato a seri squilibri della rete di produzione. La possibilit`a di immagazzinare energia elettrica sta diventando di fondamentale importanza. Per questo motivo sistemi di stoccaggio dell’energia stanno avendo sempre un maggiore sviluppo. Un innovativo sistema di immagazzinamento di aria compressa `e l’argomento di questa ricerca. L’idea di base `e estrarre aria dal compressore, durante periodi di basso costo dell’energia, immagazzinarla e successivamente reintrodurla nella turbina a gas durante periodi di elevata richiesta energetica. Una dettagliata analisi termodinamica di una turbina industriale, ispirata al modello SGT-300, `e condotta tramite Turbomatch, software sviluppato dalla Cranfield University. Particolare attenzione `e rivolta ai margini di stabilit`a del motore. Un’accurata verifica della massima quantit`a di aria che pu`o essere estratta o reintrodotta, senza portare il motore ad operare in condizioni di pericolo, sar`a svolta. Le portate che verranno considerate variano dal 2.5% al 20% del valore di ingresso del compressore a regime. Tutte le analisi sono condotte con un modello del compressore discretizzato stadio per stadio e differenti distribuzioni di carico sono state considerate. Questi fattori influenzano la risposta del motore ma comportamenti con validit`a generale saranno evidenziati. La posizione migliore dove estrarre e reintrodurre l’aria si trova in corrispondenza dell’uscita dell’ultimo stadio di compressione. Considerando margini di sicurezza e durata dei componenti, il massimo valore di aria che pu`o essere estratto `e il 15% della portata massica a condizioni di regime, mentre per la fase di reintroduzione corrisponde al 10%. Ci`o permette un incremento della potenza utile prodotta e del rendimento termico rispettivamente del 20% e del 10%. Questo studio di fattibilit`a si pone alla frontiera dello sviluppo di un’innovativa tecnologia di stoccaggio dell’aria compressa e fornisce indicazioni riguardo l’impatto che estrazione e reiniezione hanno sulle prestazioni della turbina e la posizione ottimale dove compiere tali operazioni. Successive analisi CFD saranno richieste per ulteriore verifica.
Impact of energy storage requirements on gas turbine performance and operability
ABBONDANZA, MARCO
2016/2017
Abstract
The energy production sector is continuously evolving and includes some of the most innovative technologies. The great increase and development of renewable energies has led to serious grid instability issues. An intermediate storage between wind or solar sources and conventional power plants is indispensable. Due to these factors a great effort in research is currently being conducted to develop storage systems. An innovative compressed air energy storage technology is the topic of this research activity. The idea is to extract air from a gas turbine during periods of low energy requirement, and subsequently reinject it back into the machine during periods of high power demand. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of a single shaft industrial engine, inspired by the SGT-300, is performed with Turbomatch, a performance simulation software developed by Cranfield University. Particular attention has been focused on the engine stability limits and an accurate assessment of the maximum amount of air that can be extracted from or injected into the gas turbine, without pushing the engine into dangerous conditions, is accomplished. The range of mass flows considered goes from 2.5% to 20% of the inlet mass flow at design conditions. All the analysis have been performed using a discretised compressor model and different load distributions have been considered. These factors affect the engine response but general trends are evaluated. As best location where to perform air extraction and injection has been identified the last stage of the compressor. Taking into consideration safety of operations and engine life duration, the maximum amount of air that can be extracted is 15% of compressor inlet flow at rated conditions, while for the injection phase it is 10%. This allows a 20% extra power production and an increase in thermal efficiency around 10%. This preliminary study set at the forefront of the technological development of the innovative compressed air energy storage technology and provides an insight on the impact of extraction and favourable injection locations that will require CFD analysis for verification.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Impact of Energy Storage Requirement on Gas Turbine Performance and Operability
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/136254