The aim of the thesis is to develop a Time-of-Flight laser telemeter capable of performing measurements characterized by standards deviation of a few micrometers. The measurement system is designed for the use of a cooperative target (cube cube) and the measurement of small displacements. The measuring apparatus makes use of a 1550 nm wavelength laser beam which is modulated in a sinusoidal mode at a frequency of about 2 GHz. The distance measurement is performed with the Phase-Shift Method. The distance information is contained in the phase difference between the measured signal and the modulation signal that serves as a reference. Since the sensitivity of the measurement method is proportional to the modulation frequency, high frequency modulation ensures high theoretical resolution. The signals are processed with a Heterodyne detection system and down converted at a frequency of 200 kHz. Frequency conversion ensures that the phase difference between the signals is maintained. While the angular difference between the two signals remains constant the temporal one is dilated by a factor proportional to the ratio between the modulating frequency and the conversion one. This allows the use of a data capturing and processing system with relatively relaxed bandwidth characteristics. Converted signals are sampled synchronously and digitized. Scanned signals are processed with the DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) algorithm. The data are transferred to the computer where the displacement measurement is calculated and the values are made available in real time to the user in numeric and graphic form. The measures output rate is about 1 kHz and the standard deviation is about 2 μm in test condition.
L’obiettivo del lavoro di tesi è stato quello di sviluppare un telemetro laser a tempo di volo capace di effettuare misure caratterizzate da deviazione standard di alcuni micrometri. Il sistema è pensato per l’utilizzo di un bersaglio cooperativo (corner cube) e per la misura di piccoli spostamenti. L’apparato di misura impiega un fascio laser a lunghezza d’onda di 1550 nm modulato in modo sinusoidale ad una frequenza di circa 2 GHz. La misura di distanza è effettuata con il metodo a variazione di fase. L’informazione sulla distanza è contenuta nella differenza di fase tra il segnale misurato e quello di modulazione che funge da riferimento. La modulazione ad alta frequenza assicura un’elevata risoluzione teorica poiché la sensibilità del metodo di misura è proporzionale alla frequenza di modulazione. Attraverso la tecnica di misura eterodina, i segnali vengono convertiti a media frequenza a 200 kHz. La conversione in frequenza assicura la conservazione della differenza di fase tra i segnali e mentre lo scarto angolare tra i due segnali rimane costante, quello temporale si dilata di un fattore proporzionale al rapporto tra la frequenza di modulazione e quella di conversione. Questo permette l’impiego di un apparato di acquisizione ed elaborazione dati con caratteristiche in banda relativamente rilassate. I segnali convertiti vengono campionati in modo sincrono e digitalizzati. Sui segnali acquisiti viene eseguita la DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) puntuale. I dati sono inviati al calcolatore dove le misure di spostamento sono calcolate e rese disponibili all’utente in tempo reale in forma numerica e grafica. Il sistema è in grado di effettuare misurazioni a una frequenza di circa 1 kHz con deviazione standard di 2 μm in condizioni di test.
Telemetro laser a tempo di volo ad alta risoluzione
MARZOLI, GIUSEPPE
2016/2017
Abstract
The aim of the thesis is to develop a Time-of-Flight laser telemeter capable of performing measurements characterized by standards deviation of a few micrometers. The measurement system is designed for the use of a cooperative target (cube cube) and the measurement of small displacements. The measuring apparatus makes use of a 1550 nm wavelength laser beam which is modulated in a sinusoidal mode at a frequency of about 2 GHz. The distance measurement is performed with the Phase-Shift Method. The distance information is contained in the phase difference between the measured signal and the modulation signal that serves as a reference. Since the sensitivity of the measurement method is proportional to the modulation frequency, high frequency modulation ensures high theoretical resolution. The signals are processed with a Heterodyne detection system and down converted at a frequency of 200 kHz. Frequency conversion ensures that the phase difference between the signals is maintained. While the angular difference between the two signals remains constant the temporal one is dilated by a factor proportional to the ratio between the modulating frequency and the conversion one. This allows the use of a data capturing and processing system with relatively relaxed bandwidth characteristics. Converted signals are sampled synchronously and digitized. Scanned signals are processed with the DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) algorithm. The data are transferred to the computer where the displacement measurement is calculated and the values are made available in real time to the user in numeric and graphic form. The measures output rate is about 1 kHz and the standard deviation is about 2 μm in test condition.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2017_10_Marzoli.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/136699