One of the key aspects to consider, for an effective market integration, is how to ensure fair competition. The adoption of a common antitrust regulation seems a necessary condition, to cope with this issue. However, in decentralized systems, different enforcement methods of the same regulation, may lead to different results. This work investigates the impact of the enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, on net inward FDI, in major EU countries (France, Germany, Italy and United Kingdom). It departs from an analysis of FDI and antitrust enforcement literatures, and it develops a theoretical framework, which has been implemented following three main phases. The first consists in a comparative analysis of selected countries, in terms of both antitrust institutions and enforcement procedures. Then, the second phase concerns the analysis of the results of the four enforcement systems, by considering more than 1000 official documents issued by the Authorities in the period 2000-2015. Finally, the last phase, relates to the empirical test, which showed that antitrust activities are significantly correlated with the amount of inward FDI. However, not all the activities carried out by the Authorities have the same effect. Indeed, while preventive activities have a strong positive impact on country’s attractiveness, the enforcement activities over anticompetitive agreements and abuses turned out to have a negative effect, as they represent the frequency with which companies operating in the domestic market succeed in establishing anticompetitive practices. It has been demonstrated also, that the efficiency with which the Authorities carry out their investigations, as well as the percentage of enforcement activities over foreign MNEs, play a relevant role in defining the amount of FDI received by a country.
Uno degli aspetti fondamentali da considerare per un’efficace integrazione dei mercati, è come garantire una concorrenza leale. L’adozione di un regolamento antitrust comune, sembra essere una condizione necessaria per far fronte a questo problema. Tuttavia, nei sistemi decentralizzati, metodi di applicazione diversi, di uno stesso regolamento, possono comportare risultati differenti. Questo lavoro di tesi vuole indagare l’impatto dell’applicazione degli articoli 101 e 102 TFEU sugli Investimenti Diretti Esteri ricevuti dai principali paesi dell’UE (Francia, Germania, Italia e Regno Unito). Dopo aver analizzato la letteratura sugli IDE e sui metodi applicazione del regolamento antitrust, è stato costruito un modello concettuale teorico, che è stato poi implementato seguendo tre fasi principali. La prima consiste in un’analisi comparativa dei paesi selezionati, sia in termini di istituzioni antitrust che di procedure di applicazione. In seguito, una seconda fase, riguarda l’analisi dei risultati dei quattro sistemi di applicazione, svolta considerando più di 1000 documenti ufficiali emanati dalle Autorità nel periodo 2000-2015. Infine, l’ultima fase concerne il test empirico del modello, che ha mostrato come le attività antitrust siano significativamente correlate con l’ammontare di IDE in entrata. Tuttavia, non tutte le attività svolte dalle Autorità sortiscono lo stesso effetto. Infatti, mentre le azioni preventive hanno un forte impatto positivo sull’attrattività del paese, le attività di enforcement su abusi e accordi anticoncorrenziali si sono rivelate avere un effetto negativo, in quanto rappresentano la frequenza con cui le aziende operanti nel mercato interno riescono a mettere in atto pratiche anticoncorrenziali. E’ stato inoltre dimostrato che l’efficienza con cui le Autorità svolgono i loro procedimenti, cosi come la percentuale di multinazionali estere soggette ad attività di enforcement, ricoprono un ruolo fondamentale nella definizione dell’ammontare di IDE ricevuti da un paese.
Public antitrust enforcement : a determinant of foreign direct investments
KYRIACOU, STAVROS
2016/2017
Abstract
One of the key aspects to consider, for an effective market integration, is how to ensure fair competition. The adoption of a common antitrust regulation seems a necessary condition, to cope with this issue. However, in decentralized systems, different enforcement methods of the same regulation, may lead to different results. This work investigates the impact of the enforcement of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, on net inward FDI, in major EU countries (France, Germany, Italy and United Kingdom). It departs from an analysis of FDI and antitrust enforcement literatures, and it develops a theoretical framework, which has been implemented following three main phases. The first consists in a comparative analysis of selected countries, in terms of both antitrust institutions and enforcement procedures. Then, the second phase concerns the analysis of the results of the four enforcement systems, by considering more than 1000 official documents issued by the Authorities in the period 2000-2015. Finally, the last phase, relates to the empirical test, which showed that antitrust activities are significantly correlated with the amount of inward FDI. However, not all the activities carried out by the Authorities have the same effect. Indeed, while preventive activities have a strong positive impact on country’s attractiveness, the enforcement activities over anticompetitive agreements and abuses turned out to have a negative effect, as they represent the frequency with which companies operating in the domestic market succeed in establishing anticompetitive practices. It has been demonstrated also, that the efficiency with which the Authorities carry out their investigations, as well as the percentage of enforcement activities over foreign MNEs, play a relevant role in defining the amount of FDI received by a country.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2017_12_Kyriacou.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/137112