The problem of water scarcity is becoming more and more critical, affecting all human activities, including industrial ones, whose future growth will be heavily constrained by the availability of this resource. Industries’ operations rely a lot on water consumption, and produce in return wastewater, which is causing the degradation of water ecosystem. Improper industrial practices in matter of wastewater treatment are important determinants of water pollution and quality loss, thus making necessary to foster more sustainable practices. For this purpose, this study has the aim of investigating the current treatment practices in industrial contexts, by first identifying the type of wastewater treatment configurations available, and then defining which set of drivers affect industrial treatment decisions. As concerns treatment configurations, three axes have been defined, in order to categorize the configurations according to the collection, treatment or disposal alternative selected. Then, after a general overview of all the main treatment technologies, a technology-configuration matrix has been introduced, as tool to describe the treatment choice made in an industrial context. Instead, regarding the drivers of selection, a novel framework has been defined, comprehensive of all the factors affecting industrial decision-making in matter of wastewater treatment choices. These drivers consider the different aspects to take into account for the selection of a treatment configuration. The validation of the model has been accomplished through an empirical investigation, conducted in a sample of 6 small-medium enterprises and 1 big company of the textile sector. The research objectives were both testing the ability of the technology-configuration matrix to capture a specific treatment configuration, and validating the completeness and usefulness of the set of drivers identified. From the company visits, all the configurations have been clearly understood and easily traced back to the categories in the matrix, thus allowing to describe the treatment option chosen in a particular context. Instead, the feedbacks from the company owners and responsible of technical department, allowed to confirm that the set of drivers is complete and comprehensive of all the aspects affecting wastewater treatment decisions, and a useful tool for the companies to better understand the reasons behind the choice of the current treatment configuration.
Il problema della carenza di acqua sta diventando sempre più critico, interessando tutte le attività umane, comprese quelle industriali, la cui crescita futura sarà fortemente vincolata dalla disponibilità di questa risorsa. Le attività industriali si basano molto sull’utilizzo di acqua, e producono di conseguenza acque reflue, responsabili della degradazione dell'ecosistema idrico. Pratiche industriali improprie in materia di trattamento delle acque reflue sono cause importanti dell’inquinamento delle acque e del crescente peggioramento nella qualità della risorsa, rendendo così necessario lo sviluppo di pratiche più sostenibili. A tale scopo, questo studio ha l’obiettivo di indagare le attuali pratiche di trattamento dell’acqua all’interno di contesti industriali, identificando sia il tipo di configurazioni di trattamento delle acque reflue disponibili, sia il set di drivers che influenzano le decisioni in materia di trattamento. Per quanto riguarda le configurazioni di trattamento, sono stati definiti tre assi per classificare le configurazioni, in base al tipo di scelta fatta in termini di raccolta, trattamento o smaltimento. Dopo una panoramica generale su tutte le principali tecnologie di trattamento delle acque reflue, è stata definita la matrice tecnologia-configurazione, uno strumento per descrivere la scelta di trattamento effettuato in un contesto industriale. Invece, per quanto riguarda i drivers delle scelte, un nuovo modello è stato definito, completo di tutti i fattori che interessano il processo decisionale sulle scelte di trattamento delle acque reflue. Questi drivers considerano i diversi aspetti da prendere in considerazione per la selezione di una configurazione di trattamento. La validità del modello è stata verificata attraverso un'indagine empirica, condotta in un campione di 6 piccole-medie imprese e 1 grande azienda del settore tessile. Gli obiettivi di ricerca sono stati sia testare la capacità della matrice tecnologia-configurazioni di descrivere una configurazione di trattamento specifica, sia verificare che il set di drivers identificati è completo e utile. Dalle visite in azienda, tutte le configurazioni sono state chiaramente comprese e facilmente riportate alle categorie della matrice, permettendo così di descrivere l'opzione di trattamento scelta in un particolare contesto. Invece, i feedback ottenuti dai proprietari dell’azienda o da responsabili del dipartimento tecnico, hanno permesso di confermare che l'insieme di fattori è completo e comprensivo di tutti gli aspetti da valutare nelle decisioni di trattamento, e uno strumento utile per le aziende per comprendere meglio le ragioni alla base della scelta della configurazione di trattamento adottata.
Industrial wastewater treatment : drivers of treatment configurations
Di MINICO, LOREDANA
2016/2017
Abstract
The problem of water scarcity is becoming more and more critical, affecting all human activities, including industrial ones, whose future growth will be heavily constrained by the availability of this resource. Industries’ operations rely a lot on water consumption, and produce in return wastewater, which is causing the degradation of water ecosystem. Improper industrial practices in matter of wastewater treatment are important determinants of water pollution and quality loss, thus making necessary to foster more sustainable practices. For this purpose, this study has the aim of investigating the current treatment practices in industrial contexts, by first identifying the type of wastewater treatment configurations available, and then defining which set of drivers affect industrial treatment decisions. As concerns treatment configurations, three axes have been defined, in order to categorize the configurations according to the collection, treatment or disposal alternative selected. Then, after a general overview of all the main treatment technologies, a technology-configuration matrix has been introduced, as tool to describe the treatment choice made in an industrial context. Instead, regarding the drivers of selection, a novel framework has been defined, comprehensive of all the factors affecting industrial decision-making in matter of wastewater treatment choices. These drivers consider the different aspects to take into account for the selection of a treatment configuration. The validation of the model has been accomplished through an empirical investigation, conducted in a sample of 6 small-medium enterprises and 1 big company of the textile sector. The research objectives were both testing the ability of the technology-configuration matrix to capture a specific treatment configuration, and validating the completeness and usefulness of the set of drivers identified. From the company visits, all the configurations have been clearly understood and easily traced back to the categories in the matrix, thus allowing to describe the treatment option chosen in a particular context. Instead, the feedbacks from the company owners and responsible of technical department, allowed to confirm that the set of drivers is complete and comprehensive of all the aspects affecting wastewater treatment decisions, and a useful tool for the companies to better understand the reasons behind the choice of the current treatment configuration.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/137119