For the last few years the global mobile data has grown significantly. And the forecast of Cisco VNI convinces us that this is just the first stage of the growth. According to Cisco VNI, global mobile data usage will reach almost 49 Exabytes per month by 2021. In order to see how significant the changes are we can simply say that at the end of 2016 all over the world people used only 7 Exabytes per month. There are plenty of reasons for this growth. We can easily notice the increased number of mobile devices per person. Nowadays almost everyone has either tablet or smart watches let alone personal laptop and smart phone. But telecom community is secondly interested in these reasons. First of all, there is a need in new technologies in order to satisfy increasing demand. Since frequency spectrum below 2.5GHz is almost fully used, the exploitation of the millimeter-wave bands is one of the most foreground solutions for 5G mobile radio networks. As a consequence of usage very short wave length, we, as expected, experience a number of challenges that must be solved. First of all, high frequency antennas are small in size and, correspondingly, have reduced covered area with respect to lower frequencies. Limited coverage area is the limiting factor to provide full service to the end user. Therefore, the need to exploit legacy network working on the lower frequencies. Secondly, high frequencies are characterized by harsh signal fading. Directional transmissions are used to overcome this problem. It will be possible to implement mm-wave technologies using directional transmissions and conceptual new network architecture. In new architecture the whole system is splitted in two planes: Control-plane works with legacy technologies and guarantees continuous signaling channel between base station(BS) and mobile station(MS), User-plane works with mm-wave directional transmissions and provides high data rate to the end user. Keeping in mind all the problems listed above, we add the presence of non opaque obstacles and the reflections which depend on the incident angle and the reflection material. During the cell discovery process we tend to experience some delays due to the directional transmissions of mm-waves. So, the demand of smart algorithm which is able to speed up the directional cell discovery is evident. In this work we will consider discovery algorithms implemented in the new architecture of 5G network, compare its performance in different 3D environment conditions.
Negli ultimi anni i dati mobili globali sono cresciuti significativamente. E le previsioni di Cisco VNI ci convince che questa è solo la prima tappa della crescita. Secondo Cisco VNI, l’uso di dati mobili globali raggiungerà circa 49 Exabytes al mese entro il 2021. Per vedere quanto significativi sono i cambiamenti possiamo semplicemente dire che alla fine del 2016 nel mondo le persone hanno usato solo 7 Exabytes al mese. Ci sono tante ragioni per questa crescita. Possiamo facilmente notare la crescita del numero di dispositivi mobili per persona. Oggi quasi tutti hanno o tablet o smart watches senza contare il portatile e lo smart phone. Ma la comunità delle telecomunicazioni è solo secondariamente interessata a queste ragioni. Prima di tutto, c’è un bisogno di nuove tecnologie per soddisfare la crescente domanda. Dato che lo spettro di frequenze sotto i 2.5 GHz è quasi completamente usato, l’utilizzo di bande d’onda millimetrica è una delle soluzioni più in primo piano per le reti mobili radio. Conseguentemente all’uso di lunghezze d’onda molto corte, noi, come previsto, sperimentiamo un numero di sfide che vanno risolte. Innanzi tutto, le antenne ad alta frequenza sono piccole e, corrispondentemente, hanno un’area di copertura ridotta rispetto alle basse frequenze. La limitata area di copertura è il fattore limitante per fornire servizio all’utente finale. Ne segue, il bisogno di usare networks che lavorano a basse frequenze. Secondariamente, le alte frequenze sono caratterizzate da una forte dissolvenza di segnale. Trasmissioni direzionali sono usate per superare questo problema. Sarà possibile implementare tecnologie a mm-wave usando trasmissioni direzionali e architetture di rete concettuali. Nella nuova architettura l’intero sistema è diviso in due piani: il Piano di Controllo lavora con tecnologie già in uso e garantisce un canale con segnale continuo tra la base station (BS) e la stazione mobile (MS), il Piano dello User lavora con trasmissioni direzionali a onda millimetrica e fornisce alta frequenza di dati all’utente finale. Tenendo in mente tutti i problemi sopra descritti, aggiungiamo la presenza di ostacoli non opachi e riflessioni che dipendono dall’angolo di incidenza e dal materiale riflettente. Durante la procedura di individuazione della cella tendiamo a sperimentare alcuni ritardi dovuti alla trasmissione direzionale di onde-mm. Quindi, la necessità di algoritmi intelligenti che siano in grado di velocizzare la scoperta direzionale della cella è evidente. In questo lavoro consideremo algoritmi di scoperta implementati in nuove architetture di reti 5G e confronteremo la loro performance in diverse condizioni di ambiente.
3D directional cell discovery for mm-wave access
ZHUKOV, FEDOR
2017/2018
Abstract
For the last few years the global mobile data has grown significantly. And the forecast of Cisco VNI convinces us that this is just the first stage of the growth. According to Cisco VNI, global mobile data usage will reach almost 49 Exabytes per month by 2021. In order to see how significant the changes are we can simply say that at the end of 2016 all over the world people used only 7 Exabytes per month. There are plenty of reasons for this growth. We can easily notice the increased number of mobile devices per person. Nowadays almost everyone has either tablet or smart watches let alone personal laptop and smart phone. But telecom community is secondly interested in these reasons. First of all, there is a need in new technologies in order to satisfy increasing demand. Since frequency spectrum below 2.5GHz is almost fully used, the exploitation of the millimeter-wave bands is one of the most foreground solutions for 5G mobile radio networks. As a consequence of usage very short wave length, we, as expected, experience a number of challenges that must be solved. First of all, high frequency antennas are small in size and, correspondingly, have reduced covered area with respect to lower frequencies. Limited coverage area is the limiting factor to provide full service to the end user. Therefore, the need to exploit legacy network working on the lower frequencies. Secondly, high frequencies are characterized by harsh signal fading. Directional transmissions are used to overcome this problem. It will be possible to implement mm-wave technologies using directional transmissions and conceptual new network architecture. In new architecture the whole system is splitted in two planes: Control-plane works with legacy technologies and guarantees continuous signaling channel between base station(BS) and mobile station(MS), User-plane works with mm-wave directional transmissions and provides high data rate to the end user. Keeping in mind all the problems listed above, we add the presence of non opaque obstacles and the reflections which depend on the incident angle and the reflection material. During the cell discovery process we tend to experience some delays due to the directional transmissions of mm-waves. So, the demand of smart algorithm which is able to speed up the directional cell discovery is evident. In this work we will consider discovery algorithms implemented in the new architecture of 5G network, compare its performance in different 3D environment conditions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/137387