Thermocouples are used in several industrial applications: in particular they are used to monitor the temperature along axial and radial profiles of reactors catalyst beds with multipoint configuration. These instruments are connected with the process through a special product manifactured by Endress+Hauser connected to the reactor’s nozzle: the diagnostic chamber iTHERM MultiSens®. The Thermocouples are inserted within the diagnostic chamber with a particular “interrupted” configuration, in which thermocouples are welded to compensation wires. From industrial experience, process fluids can penetrate into the diagnostic chamber and they can influence the end-terminations at different pressure and temperature conditions. In the first part of this thesis work, an investigation on drift of the thermometer assembly was addressed. We analyzed the responses of the thermometer assembly at temperature step change vatiations and the responses of thermocouples through the diagnostic chamber stressed by aging with hydroprocessing fluids, such as hydrotreating and hydrocracking. The experimental campaign was conducted continuously, at LCCP laboratories, building B18, Politecnico di Milano. In the second part of the thesis, in order to understand the working conditions of the thermometric assembly, we replicated the work of Rodriguez & Ancheyta (2004) in which they modeled a small-scale HDS reactor. We studied a commercial gasoil HDS reactor of Iplom s.p.a.: data analysis has been used to rationalize the phenomenology of the reactor. Finally, to replicate the temperature profile of the commercial reactor and to comply with the maximum allowed outlet sulfur content of 10 ppm in gasoil, as regulated in several european countries, we extended the Rodriguez & Ancheyta model to the Iplom reactor through correction of kinetics expressions by parameters tuning.
Le termocoppie sono utilizzate in svariate applicazioni industriali: in particolare vengono impiegate nella misura della temperatura di profili radiali ed assiali dei letti catalitici di reattori tramite configurazioni multipoint. Questi strumenti sono connessi al processo tramite la camera diagnostica iTHERM MultiSens, sviluppata e venduta dal gruppo Endress+Hauser. Le termocoppie sono fissate alla camera diagnostica con una particolare configurazione “interrotta”, in cui sono presenti giunzioni tra materiale solido dello strumento e fili di compensazione. Durante la corsa del reattore i fluidi di processo possono accumularsi all’interno della camera diagnostica e possono influenzare le giunzioni alle diverse condizioni operative di pressione e temperatura. Nella prima parte del lavoro di tesi, si è indagato sul possibile drift delle termocoppie dell’intero assieme termometrico descritto. È stata studiata la risposta dell’assieme termometrico tramite variazioni di temperatura a gradino e la camera diagnostica è stata sottoposta ad aging con fluidi rappresentativi dei processi di idrotrattamento. Le prove sperimentali sono state effetuate in continuo presso i laboratori LCCP, edificio B18 del Politecnico di Milano. Nella seconda parte della tesi, al fine di comprendere le condizioni operative di lavoro dell’assieme termometrico, si è replicato il lavoro di modellazione di Rodriguez e Ancheyta (2004) applicato su un impianto pilota di HDS. È stato inoltre studiato tramite data analysis, un reattore commerciale di HDS della raffineria Iplom s.p.a.: L’analisi dei dati è stata utilizzata per razionalizzare la fenomenologia del reattore commerciale. Infine, per replicare i profili di temperatura e per rispettare il tenore massimo di zolfo in uscita pari a 10 ppm nel gasolio, come regolamentato in diversi paesi europei, il modello Rodriguez & Ancheyta è stato esteso al reattore commerciale attraverso la correzione delle espressioni cinetiche mediante tuning dei parametri.
Temperature measurements in oil & gas applications : the HDS process
LANZA, ALDO
2016/2017
Abstract
Thermocouples are used in several industrial applications: in particular they are used to monitor the temperature along axial and radial profiles of reactors catalyst beds with multipoint configuration. These instruments are connected with the process through a special product manifactured by Endress+Hauser connected to the reactor’s nozzle: the diagnostic chamber iTHERM MultiSens®. The Thermocouples are inserted within the diagnostic chamber with a particular “interrupted” configuration, in which thermocouples are welded to compensation wires. From industrial experience, process fluids can penetrate into the diagnostic chamber and they can influence the end-terminations at different pressure and temperature conditions. In the first part of this thesis work, an investigation on drift of the thermometer assembly was addressed. We analyzed the responses of the thermometer assembly at temperature step change vatiations and the responses of thermocouples through the diagnostic chamber stressed by aging with hydroprocessing fluids, such as hydrotreating and hydrocracking. The experimental campaign was conducted continuously, at LCCP laboratories, building B18, Politecnico di Milano. In the second part of the thesis, in order to understand the working conditions of the thermometric assembly, we replicated the work of Rodriguez & Ancheyta (2004) in which they modeled a small-scale HDS reactor. We studied a commercial gasoil HDS reactor of Iplom s.p.a.: data analysis has been used to rationalize the phenomenology of the reactor. Finally, to replicate the temperature profile of the commercial reactor and to comply with the maximum allowed outlet sulfur content of 10 ppm in gasoil, as regulated in several european countries, we extended the Rodriguez & Ancheyta model to the Iplom reactor through correction of kinetics expressions by parameters tuning.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2017_12_Lanza.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/137451