The latest energy policies adopted by national states are geared towards respecting the environment to cope with climate change and the degradation of urban air. These policies must respond to the fact that the world over the next few years will require more energy to meet the growing number of people and the standard of living, while reducing energy consumption and polluting emissions in the environment. Many research institutes and universities are developing multi-period optimization programs for the planning of electricity and thermal power generation for energy conversion systems, determining which technology must be switched on and the value of their operating variables so as to minimize an important objective function, such as total installation costs. This thesis is aimed at analysing operational data (at nominal and partial loads) and the cost of various technologies (photovoltaic, solar thermal, thermal energy storage, gas boiler, biomass boiler, Combined cycles, waste-to-energy plants, turbines gas, heat pumps, Internal combustion engines and Organic Rankine Cycle), taking into account changes in efficiency due to partial load operation and size effect. For technologies such as: Internal combustion engines, wasted to energy and Combined cycles, data were obtained by modelling plants using Thermoflex as modelling software. Once machine operation data have been obtained, two MATLAB functions have been used in order to achieve performance linearization. These data have been used as inputs for Mixed Integer Linear Programming optimization programs in order to optimize the planning of the production of electricity and heat of an energy district. For the rest of the technologies, data from literature have been sufficient to analyse the performance and cost of the technologies themselves. In the last section of the thesis, a case study has been built for the design of an energy system in a city of Northern Italy, which consists of three zones: the city town, the commercial area and the city hospital, each with different energy demand profiles.
Le ultime politiche energetiche adottate dagli stati nazionali sono orientate al rispetto dell'ambiente per far fronte ai cambiamenti climatici e al degrado dell'aria urbana. Queste politiche devono rispondere al fatto che il mondo nei prossimi anni richiederà più energia per soddisfare il crescente numero di persone e il tenore di vita, riducendo, allo stesso tempo il consumo di energia e le emissioni di inquinanti rilasciati in ambiente. Molti istituti di ricerca e università stanno sviluppando dei programmi di ottimizzazione multi-periodo per la pianificazione della produzione di energia elettrica e termica per i sistemi di conversione di energia, determinando quale tecnologia deve essere attivata e il valore delle loro variabili operative in modo da minimizzare una funzione obiettivo importante, come i costi totali di installazione. Questo lavoro di tesi è finalizzato alla ricerca di dati operativi (a carico nominale e parziale) e di costo di varie tecnologie quali (fotovoltaico, solare termico, accumulo di energia termica, caldaia a gas, caldaia a biomassa, cicli combinati, termovalorizzatori, turbine a gas, pompe di calore, motori a combustione interna e Organic Rankine Cycle), tenendo conto dei cambiamenti del rendimento dovuti al funzionamento a carico parziale e all’effetto taglia. Per tecnologie quali: motori a combustione interna, inceneritori e cicli combinati, sono stati ottenuti dati modellizzando gli impianti attraverso il software di modellazione, Thermoflex. Una volta ottenuti i dati di funzionamento delle macchine, sono state utilizzate due funzioni scritte in linguaggio MATLAB per ottenere la linearizzazione delle prestazioni. Questo poiché questi dati verranno utilizzati come input per programmi di ottimizzazione che usufruiscono di un MILP, Mixed Integer Linear Programming, per ottimizzare la pianificazione della produzione di energia elettrica e termica di un distretto energetico. Per le restanti tecnologie i dati da letteratura sono stati sufficienti per l’analisi delle prestazioni e dei costi delle tecnologie stesse. Nell’ultima sezione della tesi è stato analizzato un caso studio per la progettazione di un sistema energetico di una città del Nord Italia, composta da tre distretti: il centro città, l'area commerciale e la zona ospedaliera, ognuno con diversi profili di domanda energetica.
Performance and cost models of energy technologies for the optimal design of energy hubs
BOBBIO, STEFANO;DI FIORE, LAURA
2016/2017
Abstract
The latest energy policies adopted by national states are geared towards respecting the environment to cope with climate change and the degradation of urban air. These policies must respond to the fact that the world over the next few years will require more energy to meet the growing number of people and the standard of living, while reducing energy consumption and polluting emissions in the environment. Many research institutes and universities are developing multi-period optimization programs for the planning of electricity and thermal power generation for energy conversion systems, determining which technology must be switched on and the value of their operating variables so as to minimize an important objective function, such as total installation costs. This thesis is aimed at analysing operational data (at nominal and partial loads) and the cost of various technologies (photovoltaic, solar thermal, thermal energy storage, gas boiler, biomass boiler, Combined cycles, waste-to-energy plants, turbines gas, heat pumps, Internal combustion engines and Organic Rankine Cycle), taking into account changes in efficiency due to partial load operation and size effect. For technologies such as: Internal combustion engines, wasted to energy and Combined cycles, data were obtained by modelling plants using Thermoflex as modelling software. Once machine operation data have been obtained, two MATLAB functions have been used in order to achieve performance linearization. These data have been used as inputs for Mixed Integer Linear Programming optimization programs in order to optimize the planning of the production of electricity and heat of an energy district. For the rest of the technologies, data from literature have been sufficient to analyse the performance and cost of the technologies themselves. In the last section of the thesis, a case study has been built for the design of an energy system in a city of Northern Italy, which consists of three zones: the city town, the commercial area and the city hospital, each with different energy demand profiles.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/137854