The technical progress in the high speed trains field has led, during the years, to the necessity of the integration of electronic components in devices which before were purely mechanical. It's the case of secondary suspensions, whose task is to limit as much as possible the transmission of vibrations from the bogie to the coach, thus improving the passengers comfort. A lot of studies have been carried out, developing active and semi-active suspensions. In this thesis the attention is focused on semi- active suspensions, which are particularly attractive for simplicity and realization costs. The proposed solution consists in the adaptation of a pre-existing passive damper through an external servo-valve which adjusts the oil flow between the chambers of the device in order to vary the damping characteristic. This work is part of a research activity begun in 2016, in which a suspension of this type has been studied by means of algorithms typical of linear systems, and the various logics have been tested through a suitably designed test bench. The same test bench will be first used to characterize the shock-absorber, with the goal of defining a nonlinear numerical model that best represents its behavior under different operating conditions. The results will be compared with those derived from a simple CFD model, useful to understand some fluid-dynamic phenomena. Subsequently, after modifying and improving the numerical model of the train used in the previous thesis, a nonlinear and adaptive Sliding Mode control logic will be developed, considering an innovative time-varying Sliding Surface containing, in addition to the state of the system, also the accelerations of the coach variables. These values should be limited as much as possible to improve passenger comfort. Finally, the logic will be tested on the test bench for different train conditions, also simulating technical failures of the on-board electronic, and testing the robustness of the controller.
Il progresso tecnico nel campo dell'alta velocità in ambito ferroviario ha portato negli anni alla necessità di integrare sempre più la componente elettronica in dispositivi prima puramente meccanici. E' il caso delle sospensioni secondarie, il cui compito è quello di limitare il più possibile la trasmissione di vibrazioni tra carrello e cassa, migliorando il comfort dei passeggeri. Numerose ricerche sono state effettuate, sviluppando sospensioni attive e semi-attive. In questa tesi lo studio si concentra sulle sospensioni semi-attive, particolarmente attraenti per semplicità e costi di realizzazione. La soluzione proposta consiste nell'adattamento di un preesistente smorzatore passivo tramite una servo-valvola esterna regolante il flusso d'olio tra le camere del dispositivo, in modo da variarne la caratteristica smorzante. Questo lavoro si inserisce all'interno di un'attività di ricerca iniziata nel 2016, in cui è stato studiato il controllo di una sospensione di questo tipo mediante algoritmi tipici di sistemi lineari, andando a testare le varie logiche tramite un banco di prova appositamente allestito. Lo stesso banco di prova verrà inizialmente utilizzato per caratterizzare lo smorzatore, al fine di definirne un modello numerico non lineare che rappresenti al meglio il suo comportamento in diverse condizioni di funzionamento. I risultati saranno confrontati con quelli derivanti da un semplice modello CFD, utile per comprendere alcuni fenomeni fluido- dinamici. Successivamente, dopo aver modificato e migliorato il modello numerico del treno utilizzato nella precedente tesi, verrà sviluppata una logica di controllo non lineare e adattiva di tipo Sliding Mode, utilizzando un'innovativa Superficie di Sliding tempo-variante contenente, oltre allo stato del sistema, anche le accelerazioni delle variabili di cassa. Tali grandezze devono essere limitate il più possibile per migliorare il comfort dei passeggeri. Infine, la logica verrà testata sul banco di prova per diverse condizioni di marcia del treno, simulando anche guasti tecnici dell'elettronica di bordo, e testando la robustezza del controllore.
A non-linear approach in modelling and control of a semi-active damper for high speed train secondary suspension
PETROGALLI, ELIA
2016/2017
Abstract
The technical progress in the high speed trains field has led, during the years, to the necessity of the integration of electronic components in devices which before were purely mechanical. It's the case of secondary suspensions, whose task is to limit as much as possible the transmission of vibrations from the bogie to the coach, thus improving the passengers comfort. A lot of studies have been carried out, developing active and semi-active suspensions. In this thesis the attention is focused on semi- active suspensions, which are particularly attractive for simplicity and realization costs. The proposed solution consists in the adaptation of a pre-existing passive damper through an external servo-valve which adjusts the oil flow between the chambers of the device in order to vary the damping characteristic. This work is part of a research activity begun in 2016, in which a suspension of this type has been studied by means of algorithms typical of linear systems, and the various logics have been tested through a suitably designed test bench. The same test bench will be first used to characterize the shock-absorber, with the goal of defining a nonlinear numerical model that best represents its behavior under different operating conditions. The results will be compared with those derived from a simple CFD model, useful to understand some fluid-dynamic phenomena. Subsequently, after modifying and improving the numerical model of the train used in the previous thesis, a nonlinear and adaptive Sliding Mode control logic will be developed, considering an innovative time-varying Sliding Surface containing, in addition to the state of the system, also the accelerations of the coach variables. These values should be limited as much as possible to improve passenger comfort. Finally, the logic will be tested on the test bench for different train conditions, also simulating technical failures of the on-board electronic, and testing the robustness of the controller.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/137866