The growth in international trade is providing supply chains with new opportunities and challenges (Zeng and Rossetti, 2003). Postponement, initially studied in marketing and inventory management domains (Boone et al., 2007), has been recently proposed as an effective global supply chain management strategy. In this context, the postponement boundary problem (Lee, 2010) is the allocation of final production and distribution activities to the nodes of a global supply chain, aiming to minimize total costs. In this thesis, based on the literature on traditional postponement strategies and global supply chain design, an original classification framework for global postponement strategies is developed. Two versions of this framework are proposed: the first allows to compare, in the same matrix, alternative postponement boundary solutions; the second extends the postponement boundary problem, normally associated to the spatial distribution of activities, by adding a temporal perspective, linked to the concept of decoupling point. Then, with a focus on the agri-food industry, a general analytical model is developed for the comparison of two global postponement strategies in a profit-maximization perspective. Besides the costs traditionally considered in postponement strategies evaluations (Van Hoek, 2001), this model includes additional factors, drawn from the literature on global supply chain design, including: international transportation, customs and duties, transfer prices and corporate taxes. The model is applied to the case of an Italian manufacturer exporting extra-virgin olive oil to the United States, which is evaluating alternative global supply chain configurations. Finally, scenario analyses are conducted on the case results, showing that global postponement profitability is affected by export volumes and tariffs levied on finished and semi-finished goods import.
Il postponement, introdotto nella letteratura come strategia di marketing (Alderson, 1950) e studiato durante il ventesimo secolo come strategia di gestione delle scorte, è stato recentemente proposto come approccio alla gestione delle Supply Chain globali (Lee, 2010; Choi et al., 2012). In questo contesto, il problema di postponement boundary (Lee, 2010) consiste nell’allocazione delle ultime fasi del processo produttivo-distributivo ai nodi della Supply Chain. Un modello di classificazione delle soluzioni del postponement boundary è stato sviluppato in questa tesi, partendo dall’analisi della letteratura sulle strategie di postponement “tradizionali” e sulla progettazione di reti logistico-produttive internazionali. L’analisi si è poi focalizzata sul settore agro-alimentare, con lo sviluppo di un modello matematico per il confronto di due strategie globali di postponement particolarmente adatte a questo settore. Il modello è basato sul calcolo dei profitti al netto delle tasse, considerando, oltre ai costi logistici tradizionali (Van Hoek, 2001), anche fattori legati alle Supply Chain globali, quali trasporto internazionale, dazi e dogane e prezzi di trasferimento. Il modello è stato applicato al caso di un’azienda Italiana nel settore oleario che sta valutando due strategie alternative per la vendita dei propri prodotti nel mercato statunitense. Infine, delle analisi di scenario sono state eseguite per studiare l’impatto dei dazi e dei volumi di export sulla convenienza delle diverse strategie globali di postponement.
Global supply chains : development of a conceptual framework for postponement strategies and empirical insights on Agrifood industry
MORETTI, EMILIO
2016/2017
Abstract
The growth in international trade is providing supply chains with new opportunities and challenges (Zeng and Rossetti, 2003). Postponement, initially studied in marketing and inventory management domains (Boone et al., 2007), has been recently proposed as an effective global supply chain management strategy. In this context, the postponement boundary problem (Lee, 2010) is the allocation of final production and distribution activities to the nodes of a global supply chain, aiming to minimize total costs. In this thesis, based on the literature on traditional postponement strategies and global supply chain design, an original classification framework for global postponement strategies is developed. Two versions of this framework are proposed: the first allows to compare, in the same matrix, alternative postponement boundary solutions; the second extends the postponement boundary problem, normally associated to the spatial distribution of activities, by adding a temporal perspective, linked to the concept of decoupling point. Then, with a focus on the agri-food industry, a general analytical model is developed for the comparison of two global postponement strategies in a profit-maximization perspective. Besides the costs traditionally considered in postponement strategies evaluations (Van Hoek, 2001), this model includes additional factors, drawn from the literature on global supply chain design, including: international transportation, customs and duties, transfer prices and corporate taxes. The model is applied to the case of an Italian manufacturer exporting extra-virgin olive oil to the United States, which is evaluating alternative global supply chain configurations. Finally, scenario analyses are conducted on the case results, showing that global postponement profitability is affected by export volumes and tariffs levied on finished and semi-finished goods import.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/138093