The present thesis work focuses on the study of normal ballistic impacts of small calibres projectiles, on target protections made of composites material such as Kevlar 29/Epoxy and Dyneema HB 50. An investigation of these two materials behaviours during ballistic impact is performed and predicted using both analytical and numerical models. Innovative methods for building these models are deeply described. Experimental campaign’s results, focused on composite targets shooting, is described to give a validation for the built models. The experimental campaign is based on the classes listed in standard EN 1522. In addition, a test with a bullet of 12.7 mm will be tested. Characterization tests are performed to determine some mechanical properties necessary for the calibration of the models. Experimental tests have been designed following the standards ASTM D3039, ASTM D5766, ASTM D6272, ASTM D6856, ASTM D7264, describing tensile test, open hole tensile test and bending test. This preliminary characterization phase has the aim of implementing the predictive models giving mechanical properties necessary for the modelling. The modelling of composite targets is based on an energy balance for the analytical model, where the different modes by which there is dissipation of the initial kinetic energy of the bullet are considered. The numerical model has been developed in LS-DYNA adopting an approach where each layer is modelled as orthotropic balancing the computational cost and the accuracy of the results. The final aim is to define an approach in order to define predictive models able to reproduce impacts on composite targets, reducing experimental costs and giving a complementary approach to the design of ballistic impact.
Il presente lavoro di tesi si concentra sullo studio di impatti balistici normali di proiettili di calibri di piccole dimensioni, su protezioni di materiale composito come Kevlar 29 / Epoxy e Dyneema HB 50. Un'indagine sui comportamenti di questi due materiali durante l'impatto balistico viene eseguita e predetta usando modelli analitici e numerici. I metodi innovativi per la costruzione di questi modelli sono descritti in modo approfondito. I risultati della campagna sperimentale, incentrati su bersagli compositi, sono descritti per convalidare i modelli costruiti. La campagna sperimentale si basa sulle classi elencate nella norma EN 1522. Inoltre, verrà eseguito un test con proiettile 12,7 mm NATO AP. I test di caratterizzazione vengono eseguiti per determinare alcune proprietà meccaniche necessarie per la calibrazione dei modelli. I test sperimentali sono stati progettati seguendo gli standard ASTM D3039, ASTM D5766, ASTM D6272, ASTM D6856, ASTM D7264, che descrivono prove di trazione, prove di trazione a foro aperto e prove di flessione. Questa fase di caratterizzazione preliminare ha lo scopo di implementare i modelli predittivi fornendo proprietà meccaniche necessarie per la modellazione. La modellazione di target compositi si basa su un bilancio energetico per quanto riguarda il modello analitico, in cui vengono prese in considerazione le diverse modalità con cui l'energia cinetica iniziale del proiettile viene dissipata. Il modello numerico è stato sviluppato in LS-DYNA adottando un approccio in cui ogni strato è modellato come ortotropico, trovando un compromesso tra alto costo computazionale e precisione dei risultati. L'obiettivo finale è definire un approccio per definire modelli predittivi in grado di riprodurre impatti su target compositi, riducendo i costi sperimentali e fornendo un metodo complementare alla progettazione dell'impatto balistico.
Experimental tests and modelling of ballistic impacts against Kevlar 29-Epoxy and Dyneema HB 50
PELLEGRINI, NICOLA
2016/2017
Abstract
The present thesis work focuses on the study of normal ballistic impacts of small calibres projectiles, on target protections made of composites material such as Kevlar 29/Epoxy and Dyneema HB 50. An investigation of these two materials behaviours during ballistic impact is performed and predicted using both analytical and numerical models. Innovative methods for building these models are deeply described. Experimental campaign’s results, focused on composite targets shooting, is described to give a validation for the built models. The experimental campaign is based on the classes listed in standard EN 1522. In addition, a test with a bullet of 12.7 mm will be tested. Characterization tests are performed to determine some mechanical properties necessary for the calibration of the models. Experimental tests have been designed following the standards ASTM D3039, ASTM D5766, ASTM D6272, ASTM D6856, ASTM D7264, describing tensile test, open hole tensile test and bending test. This preliminary characterization phase has the aim of implementing the predictive models giving mechanical properties necessary for the modelling. The modelling of composite targets is based on an energy balance for the analytical model, where the different modes by which there is dissipation of the initial kinetic energy of the bullet are considered. The numerical model has been developed in LS-DYNA adopting an approach where each layer is modelled as orthotropic balancing the computational cost and the accuracy of the results. The final aim is to define an approach in order to define predictive models able to reproduce impacts on composite targets, reducing experimental costs and giving a complementary approach to the design of ballistic impact.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/138139