The concrete has a time-dependent development of mechanical and thermal properties. To compute the stress or the strain on early age concrete, accurate material models are available. The description of me-chanical short-term properties is possible precisely with existing linear elastic models. The viscoelastic be-havior of early age concrete is still an object of research. In the last decades, many different models were made for creep and relaxation function of early age concrete. These models describe the creep strain, as a function of the loading stress and the age of the material. For very simple model, such as with constant loads, the creep strain can be computed with good accuracy, but for variable stress histories the creep strain must be calculated stepwise, based on the validity of the principle of superposition. In the first part of the thesis, the Structural Problem and the dynamic response of the material are studied, with some hypothesis to simplify the model: a constant Poisson’s ratio and a linear elastic constitutive law. Then, the time-dependent behavior of a viscoelastic material is analyzed, the meaning of creep and shrink-age are explained, with their problems in computation. The solution of these problems is face up with dif-ferent method, such as the formulas are provided by law, the general method, the algebraic method and the simplified models. The finite element method for a viscoelastic material is the main topic of this elabo-rate, making the assumption that the material has a constant Poisson’s coefficient in time. Firstly, the scientific literature is analyzed, to have a better view of the problem. In most of the articles, the propose solutions are always incomplete to define a full exact method in viscoelastic domain, for different reasons, that we explain in the homonymous chapter. The literature shows to be enough poor on the topic that we examine. Indeed, it is possible to develop a solution based on the algebraic method, that can sim-plify the computation of the viscoelastic finite element method. This way brings to considerably reduce the time of calculation, because the solution of the algebraized method, that is start being set, a solution that is comparable to a double elastic law. The problem is reduces from a convolution integral to a linear prob-lem that , surely, has fewer problems in the computation. Then it was possible to compare the method of solution by the Gauss approximation, with a computer program called MIDAS, giving a couple of examples on the application. Time domain finite element analysis models are often considered to assess the dynamic behavior of solid concrete structure, especially for tall building, that has a long constructional period. In the period of these research, we analyze the problem on a building, that is going to be made the next year. It perfectly fits the characteristic of a model where it is possible to underline the problem.
Il calcestruzzo ha uno sviluppo dipendente dal tempo per quanto riguarda le proprietà meccaniche e termiche. Per calcolare lo sforzo o la tensione sul calcestruzzo, sono disponibili modelli precisi. Il comportamento viscoelastico è ancora oggetto di ricerca. Negli ultimi decenni sono stati realizzati molti modelli per la viscosita' e il rilassamento. Questi modelli descrivono la deformazione viscosa, in funzione del carico e dell'età del materiale. Per un modello molto semplice, ad esempio con carichi costanti, la deformazione viscosa può essere calcolata con una buona approssimazione, ma per le storie di variabili variabili la deformazione viscosa deve essere calcolata gradualmente, sulla base della validità del principio di sovrapposizione. Nella prima parte della tesi vengono studiati il Problema Strutturale e la Risposta Dinamica del Materiale, con alcune ipotesi per semplificare il modello: un coefficiente di Poisson costante nel tempo e una legge costitutiva elastica lineare. Viene analizzato il comportamento dipendente dal tempo di un materiale viscoelastico, vengono spiegati il significato di viscosita' e shrinkage, con i loro problemi di calcolo. La soluzione di questi problemi avviene mediante il metodo generale, il metodo algebrico o mediante modelli semplificati. Il metodo degli elementi finiti per un materiale elastoviscoso è l'argomento principale di questo elaborato, ipotizzando che il materiale abbia un coefficiente di Poisson costante nel tempo. In primo luogo, viene analizzata la letteratura scientifica. Nella maggior parte degli articoli, le soluzioni proposte sono sempre incomplete per definire un metodo completamente esatto nel dominio viscoelastico. La letteratura mostra di essere abbastanza povera sull'argomento che esaminiamo. E' stato possibile sviluppare una soluzione basata sul metodo algebrico, che può semplificare il calcolo del metodo degli elementi finiti viscoelastici. In questo modo si riduce il tempo di calcolo, perché la soluzione del metodo algebrico e' paragonabile a una doppia legge elastica. Il problema è semplificato e l' integrale di convoluzione scompare nel calcolo. E' stato possibile confrontare il metodo utilizzando un programma per computer chiamato MIDAS. I modelli di analisi degli elementi finiti nel dominio del tempo sono spesso considerati come valutazione del comportamento dinamico della struttura in calcestruzzo solido, in particolare per l'edifici alti, che hanno un lunghe fasi di costruzione. Nel periodo di queste ricerche, il problema è stato analizzato su un edificio che verrà realizzato l'anno prossimo. È possibile sottolineare il problema della dipendenza dal tempo e rilevare le discrepanze che ne deriverebbero nel design se si considerasse esclusivamente un'analisi convenzionale.
Performance analysis of finite element computer programs in the linear viscoelastic domain
CIRILLI, GIULIA
2016/2017
Abstract
The concrete has a time-dependent development of mechanical and thermal properties. To compute the stress or the strain on early age concrete, accurate material models are available. The description of me-chanical short-term properties is possible precisely with existing linear elastic models. The viscoelastic be-havior of early age concrete is still an object of research. In the last decades, many different models were made for creep and relaxation function of early age concrete. These models describe the creep strain, as a function of the loading stress and the age of the material. For very simple model, such as with constant loads, the creep strain can be computed with good accuracy, but for variable stress histories the creep strain must be calculated stepwise, based on the validity of the principle of superposition. In the first part of the thesis, the Structural Problem and the dynamic response of the material are studied, with some hypothesis to simplify the model: a constant Poisson’s ratio and a linear elastic constitutive law. Then, the time-dependent behavior of a viscoelastic material is analyzed, the meaning of creep and shrink-age are explained, with their problems in computation. The solution of these problems is face up with dif-ferent method, such as the formulas are provided by law, the general method, the algebraic method and the simplified models. The finite element method for a viscoelastic material is the main topic of this elabo-rate, making the assumption that the material has a constant Poisson’s coefficient in time. Firstly, the scientific literature is analyzed, to have a better view of the problem. In most of the articles, the propose solutions are always incomplete to define a full exact method in viscoelastic domain, for different reasons, that we explain in the homonymous chapter. The literature shows to be enough poor on the topic that we examine. Indeed, it is possible to develop a solution based on the algebraic method, that can sim-plify the computation of the viscoelastic finite element method. This way brings to considerably reduce the time of calculation, because the solution of the algebraized method, that is start being set, a solution that is comparable to a double elastic law. The problem is reduces from a convolution integral to a linear prob-lem that , surely, has fewer problems in the computation. Then it was possible to compare the method of solution by the Gauss approximation, with a computer program called MIDAS, giving a couple of examples on the application. Time domain finite element analysis models are often considered to assess the dynamic behavior of solid concrete structure, especially for tall building, that has a long constructional period. In the period of these research, we analyze the problem on a building, that is going to be made the next year. It perfectly fits the characteristic of a model where it is possible to underline the problem.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/138180