In recent years the availability of drinking water and in general of unpolluted water has become a serious problem for some countries and many efforts have been done to solve this it. Different technological approaches have been proposed, among them liquid/solid processes have evidenced promising results. Several solids have been proposed as sorbent materials in the literature, however efficiency and selectivity towards metals capture are still open problems. In previous thesis works, clays and activated carbons, pristine or modified with polyamines, have been studied and they were able to achieve interesting adsorption efficiency, but not enough to be applied at an industrial level. Therefore the present work has been focused on the study of adsorption capability of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membranes suggested in the scientific literature as promising solid sorbents for wastewater treatment. The experimental activity has been divided in two parts: the first has regarded the production of membranes of GO and reduced GO, while in the second one capture capability has been tested using La3+, Cu2+ and Ca2+ ionic solutions in a concentration range of 19 - 100 mM. Quantification of ions uptake has been performed by chemical analysis. Membranes before and after the uptake process have been characterized by means of different technologies: XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, optical and SEM microscopy. Uptake capability of graphene based-materials has been compared with that of solid previously tested.
Negli ultimi anni, la disponibilità di acqua potabile e in generale di acqua non inquinata è diventata un serio problema per alcuni paesi e perciò sono stati fatti molti sforzi per cercare di risolverlo. Sono stati proposti diversi approcci tecnologici, tra cui i processi liquido/solido hanno dato risultati promettenti. Diversi solidi sono stati proposti in letteratura, tuttavia l'efficienza e la selettività verso la cattura di metalli rappresentano ancora problemi non del tutto superati e sfide tecnologiche aperte. In lavori di tesi precedenti, argille e carboni attivisono stati studiati e hanno dimostrato un'interessante efficienza di adsorbimento, tuttavia non abbastanza elevata da poter giustificare un’applicazione a livello industriale. Pertanto, questo lavoro di tesi si è concentrato sullo studio della capacità di adsorbimento dell'ossido di grafene (GO) e delle membrane di ossido di grafene ridotto (rGO) suggerite in letteratura come promettenti materiali sorbenti per il trattamento delle acque reflue. L'attività sperimentale è stata suddivisa in due parti: la prima ha considerato la produzione di membrane di GO e GO ridotto, nella seconda è stata testata la capacità di cattura mediante soluzioni ioniche di La3+, Cu2+ e Ca2+ in un intervallo di concentrazione di 19 - 100 mM. La quantificazione dell'assorbimento di ioni è stata eseguita mediante analisi chimiche. Le membrane, prima e dopo il processo di adsorbimento, sono state caratterizzate da diverse tecnologie: XRD, FT-IR, spettroscopia Raman, microscopia ottica e SEM. La capacità di adsorbimento dei materiali a base di grafene è stata confrontata con quella dei solidi precedentemente testati.
Graphene oxide membranes : effect of reduction degree on metal ions removal from wastewater
DELPINO, SIMONA
2016/2017
Abstract
In recent years the availability of drinking water and in general of unpolluted water has become a serious problem for some countries and many efforts have been done to solve this it. Different technological approaches have been proposed, among them liquid/solid processes have evidenced promising results. Several solids have been proposed as sorbent materials in the literature, however efficiency and selectivity towards metals capture are still open problems. In previous thesis works, clays and activated carbons, pristine or modified with polyamines, have been studied and they were able to achieve interesting adsorption efficiency, but not enough to be applied at an industrial level. Therefore the present work has been focused on the study of adsorption capability of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membranes suggested in the scientific literature as promising solid sorbents for wastewater treatment. The experimental activity has been divided in two parts: the first has regarded the production of membranes of GO and reduced GO, while in the second one capture capability has been tested using La3+, Cu2+ and Ca2+ ionic solutions in a concentration range of 19 - 100 mM. Quantification of ions uptake has been performed by chemical analysis. Membranes before and after the uptake process have been characterized by means of different technologies: XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectroscopy, optical and SEM microscopy. Uptake capability of graphene based-materials has been compared with that of solid previously tested.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/138737