In the healthcare context where there is an increasing tendency to ensure continuous patient monitoring and care, and where the de-hospitalization process becomes crucial to avoid overcrowding of healthcare facilities (resulting in reduced quality of care), telemedicine is an important component of today's medicine. In particular, the continuous increase in the employment of mobile devices has led to the expansion of telemedicine thanks to the concept of mobile health, a term that defines the medical and health practices supported by mobile devices. In chronic patients, this type of support, which improves communication with the physician monitoring the adherence to therapy, can give the patient important physical and psychological benefits generated by continuous monitoring also outside the structures. For this reason, mobile health would also benefit the centers through the de-hospitalization process. A technical support was developed by including a web-platform connected to a mobile application that allows data collection, thanks to the collaboration between Celgene (promoter and sponsor of the project), Havas Life, which dealt with product distribution and training at the Centers and Advice Pharma Group that developed the software. The project is based on ePRO (electronic patient-reported outcome used in clinical trials), which includes data insertions directly reported by the patient in response to questionnaires presented to him. The actors involved are precisely the patients and doctors who will be involved in the recruitment at the centers. The goal is to make users aware of the use of technology as a support to medicine by improving communication between them. The study focuses on patients with psoriatic arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disease with a low incidence on the general population (below 3%), often associated with psoriasis (chronic dermatological inflammation) that generally precedes the arthritic process. It normally affects only some joints but in severe forms it manifests in the spine, recalling the typical clinical picture of an ankylosing spondylitis. It is an autoimmune disease and is part of the seronegative spondylarthritis group. The project is being conducted in Italy on a national scale, involving 30 centers. The study, with a projected duration of two years, has the goal of involving center doctors in enlisting a number of 10 patients per center. doctors The doctors were provided with a web platform. It allows patient enrollment and electronic data entry during a visit to the healthcare facility. For both users involved (physician and patient), an application is directly linked to the platform. It allows local data collection and storage of data on the mobile device and subsequent synchronization with the server. The app is available on Android and Apple platform stores. Access to content is controlled by a login interface that limits access to the app only through login credentials. As for medical users, they were generated by an admin account directly from the platform, through a section available only to this profile type. Patient users are automatically generated by the system at the time of enrollment in the center. The patient provides informed consent and a mail reference for profile creation and for the participation in the project. The first process resulted in the definition of 5 validated questionnaires, the compilation of which provides useful information for computing the pathological indexes that allow it to track its progress. The selected questionnaires are as follows: - PSAID 12 (Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease): 12-item questionnaire evaluating the patient's state of health over the last 7 days. The calculation results in a pathological outcome; - MASES (Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Entheses Score): assessment of the pathology impact focusing on articulations on 13 specific points located and distributed between the front (8) and rear (5) of the body; - CONTA ARTICOLARE: evaluation of the joints in terms of swelling, pain, limited movement and deformity. - PGA (Patient global assessment): single item questionnaire that produces a score including objective measures of the disease activity but also other aspects of health such as psychological discomfort or comorbidity; - CQR5: a 5-item questionnaire evaluating the patient's adherence to therapeutic treatment. Once defined the questionnaires to be submitted for data collection and the actors involved in the project, the web platform and mobile app has been implemented. A simple and intuitive interface that allows electronic data entry from both the web platform (exclusively for medical profile) and mobile devices (for both profiles involved and optimized for tablet use). The aim is to raise awareness and bring both parties closer to the use of technology as an instrument that is an added value in the medical environment. A report section available from the application also allows tracking of the pathology trend by extracting important information. The supports have been developed by using CodeIgniter, a Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) framework used in web application development that allows integration with other programming languages such as JavaScript and Html. The initial phase of the project included the training at the centers of the medical staff. In healthcare facilities not always suited to the use of technology, the introduction of this support slowed down initially. However, thanks to the introduction of the technology support provided to the centers, these barriers have been demolished and medical staff have welcomed the electronic data collection tool with great satisfaction and enthusiasm. The web app was also integrated, accessible from every type of browser, allowing the user to use the tool from the computer as well as from the mobile device (tablet). Six months after the beginning of the enrollment phase, the training of medical staff has already been carried out in 12 centers. The project had excellent feedback also from the patients. At the moment, 101 patients were enrolled with the centers of Trieste, Jesi and Catanzaro, which included more than 50% of users. The data entered are in line with those in the literature, which show an average age of patients affected by psoriatic arthritis between 40 and 45 years, in the same number among males and females. Data extracted from Apple and Android store analysis tools shows up about 25 app downloads from each of the two platforms. The training at the centers is producing a growth in the number of patients enrolled. That indicates a good feedback on the project by the users. The confirmation of these positive trends could address the project to the creation of a clinical trial that would provide robust data for the introduction of this tool as a support to diagnosis in medical activity. This evolution would envisage an anonymization process of the patient enrolled by encryption of the master data, the drafting of a protocol and a synopsis defining the principles of inclusion and exclusion from study groups. Finally, since the application in this case is used for diagnosis and treatment purposes, it should be submitted to the certification body to obtain the CE marking required in the classification of medical devices.
In un contesto sanitario dove si tende sempre più a garantire monitoraggio e assistenza continua al paziente, e dove il processo di deospedalizzazione diventa fondamentale per evitare il sovraffolamento dell strutture sanitarie (con conseguente riduzione della qualità di cura), la telemedicina rappresenta un componente importante della medicina odierna. In particolare, il continuo aumento dell’utilizzo dei dispositivi mobili ha portato all’espansione della telemedicina grazie al concetto di mobile health, termine che definisce le pratiche mediche e sanitarie supportate dai dispositivi mobili. In pazienti affetti da patologie croniche questa tipologia di supporto, che consente di migliorare la comunicazione con il medico, monitorare l’aderenza alla terapia, può apportare al paziente importanti benefici fisici e psicologici generati da un monitoraggio continuo e lontano dalle strutture. Proprio per questo motivo la mobile health produrrebbe benefici anche ai centri grazie al processo di deospedalizzazione. Grazie alla collaborazione tra le società Celgene (promotore e sponsor del progetto), Havas Life che ha curato la distribuzione del prodotto e la formazione presso i centri, Advice Pharma Group che ha sviluppato il software, è stato sviluppato un supporto tecnlogico basato su una piattaforma web in connessione con un applicazione mobile che consenta la raccolta dati. Il progetto si basa sul contetto di ePRO (electronic patient-reported outcome usati anche nei trial clinici), inserimenti riportati direttamente dal paziente in risposta a questionari a lui presentati. Gli attori coinvolti sono appunto i pazienti e i medici, che si occuperanno dell’arruolamento presso i centri. L’obbiettivo è quello di sensibilizzare gli utenti all’uso della tecnologia come supporto alla medicina migliorando la comunicazione tra loro. Lo studio pone il focus sui pazienti affetti da artrite psoriasica, una malattia infiammatoria cronica con una bassa incidenza sulla popolazione generale (sotto il 3%), associata spesso, ma non sempre, a psoriasi (infiammazione cronica dermatologica) che precede generalmente il processo artritico. Normalmente colpisce solo alcune articolazioni ma in forme gravi si manifesta nella colonna vertebrale, ricordando come quadro clinico quello della spondilite anchilosante. Si tratta di una malattia autoimmune e fa parte del gruppo delle spondiloartriti sieronegative. Il progetto è condotto in Italia su scala nazionale, coinvolgendo 30 centri. Lo studio, con una durata prevista di due anni, ha l’obbiettivo di coinvolgere i medici dei centri nell’arruolamento di un numero di 10 pazienti per centro. Ai medici è stata fornita una piattaforma web che consente l’arruolamento del paziente e l’inserimento elettronico dei dati durante la visita presso la struttura ospedaliera. Per entrambi gli utenti coinvolti (medico e paziente) viene invece fornita un’applicazione, direttamente connessa alla piattaforma, che consente la raccolta e memorizzazione locale dei dati sul dispositivo mobile e successiva sincronizzazione con il server. L’applicazione è disponibile sugli store delle piattaforme Android ed Apple. L’accesso ai contenuti è controllato da un’interfaccia di login che limita l’accesso all’app solamente tramite credenziali di accesso. Per quanto riguarda le utenze medico, sono state generate tramite account admin direttamente dalla piattaforma, attraverso una sezione disponibile solamente a questa tipologia di profilo. Le utenze paziente invece, vengono automaticamente generate dal sistema al momento dell’arruolamento presso in centro. Il paziente fornisce il consenso informato ed un riferimento mail per la creazione del profilo e la partecipazione al progetto. Il primo processo ha portato alla definizione di 5 questionari validati, la cui compilazione fornisce informazioni utili per il calcolo degli indici coonessi alla patologia che permettono di monitorarne l’andamento. I questionari selezionati sono i seguenti: - PSAID12 (Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease): questionario di 12 domande che valuta lo stato di salute del paziente nell’arco degli ultimi 7 giorni, il cui calcolo produce un risultato rappresentativo della patologia. - MASES (Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Entheses Score): valutazione dell’impatto della patologia sulle articolazioni con focus su 13 punti specifici situati e distribuiti tra la parte anteriore (8) e posteriore (5) del corpo. - CONTA ARTICOLARE: valutazione delle anormalità nel conteggio di 68 punti identificati nelle articolazioni che comprendono gonfiore, dolore, movimento limitato e deformità. - PGA(Patient global assessment): singola domanda che produce un punteggio che include le misure oggettive dell'attività della malattia ma anche gli altri aspetti della salute, come il disagio psicologico o le comorbidità. - CQR5: questionario di 5 domande che valuta l’aderenza al trattamento terapeutico da parte del paziente. Una volta definiti i questionari da sottoporre per la raccolta dati e gli attori coinvolti nel progetto, si è proceduto all’implementazione della piattaforma web e della mobile app. Un’interfaccia semplice ed intuitiva che permette l’inserimento elettronico dei dati sia dalla piattaforma web (esclusivamente per il profilo medico) che tramite dispositivi mobili (per entrambi i profili coinvolti ed ottimizzata per l’uso da tablet). L’obbiettivo è quello di sensibilizzare e avvicinare entrambe le parti all’uso della tecnologia come strumento che costituisca un valore aggiunto in campo medico. Una sezione di reportistica disponibile dall’applicazione permette inoltre di monitorare l’andamento della patologia estraendo importanti informazioni. Entrambi i supporti sono stati sviluppati con l’ausilio di CodeIgniter, un framework PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) utilizzato per nello sviluppo di applicazioni web, che permette l’integrazione con altri linguaggi di programmazione come JavaScript e Html (anch’essi utilizzati nello sviluppo). Sviluppata la piattaforma web e sottommessa l’app sugli store, l’avvio del progetto prevedeva la formazione del personale medico (addetto all’arruolamento dei pazienti) presso i centri coinvolti. In strutture sanitarie non sempre adeguate all’uso della tecnologia, l’introduzione di questo supporto ha inizialmente subito un rallentamento. Grazie però all’introduzione dei supporti tecnologici forniti ai centri per lo sviluppo del progetto, queste barriere sono state abbattute e il personale medico ha accolto con grande soddisfazione ed entusiasmo lo strumento per la raccolta elettronica dei dati. Veniva inoltre integrata la web-app, raggiungibile da ogni tipologia di browser, che permette all’utente di utilizzare lo strumento anche da computer oltre che dal dispositivo mobile (tablet). A 6 mesi dall’inizio dell’arruolamento, la formazione del personale medico è già stata effettuata in 12 centri. Il progetto ha coinvolto e avuto un’ottimo feedback anche dai pazienti. Al momento 101 pazienti sono stati arruolati con i centri di Trieste, Jesi e Catanzaro che hanno inserito più del 50% degli utenti. I dati inseriti ad oggi sono in linea con quelli presenti in letteratura, che evidenziano un’età media dei pazienti affetti da artrite psoriasica compresa tra i 40 e i 45 anni, e distribuiti in egual numero relativamente ai due sessi. I dati estratti dagli strumenti di analisi degli store di Apple e Android mostrano ad oggi un numero di circa 25 downloads dell’app da ciascuna delle due piattaforme. L’attività di formazione presso i centri continua e il numero di pazienti arruolati è in continua crescita, indice di un buon feedback sul progetto da parte degli utenti. La conferma di questi trend positivi, potrebbe indirizzare il progetto verso la creazione di un trial clinico che permetta di fornire dei dati robusti per l’introduzione di questo strumento come supporto alla diagnosi nell’attività medica. Questa evoluzione prevederebbe un processo di anonimizzazione del paziente arruolato tramite criptazione dei dati anagrafici, la stesura di un protocollo e di una sinossi che definiscano i principi di inclusione ed esclusione dai gruppi di studio (comparazione tra due differenti gruppi trattati con e senza l’uso dello strumento tecnologico). Inoltre, in questo caso, essendo l’applicazione usata con scopi di diagnosi e cura, dovrebbe essere sottoposta all’iter di certificazione per l’ottenimento della marcatura CE necessaria nella classificazione dei dispositivi medici, categoria nel quale essa rientrerebbe.
Implementation and testing of an eHealth platform to monitor treatment adherence in psoriatic arthritis
GOZZO, MIRKO
2016/2017
Abstract
In the healthcare context where there is an increasing tendency to ensure continuous patient monitoring and care, and where the de-hospitalization process becomes crucial to avoid overcrowding of healthcare facilities (resulting in reduced quality of care), telemedicine is an important component of today's medicine. In particular, the continuous increase in the employment of mobile devices has led to the expansion of telemedicine thanks to the concept of mobile health, a term that defines the medical and health practices supported by mobile devices. In chronic patients, this type of support, which improves communication with the physician monitoring the adherence to therapy, can give the patient important physical and psychological benefits generated by continuous monitoring also outside the structures. For this reason, mobile health would also benefit the centers through the de-hospitalization process. A technical support was developed by including a web-platform connected to a mobile application that allows data collection, thanks to the collaboration between Celgene (promoter and sponsor of the project), Havas Life, which dealt with product distribution and training at the Centers and Advice Pharma Group that developed the software. The project is based on ePRO (electronic patient-reported outcome used in clinical trials), which includes data insertions directly reported by the patient in response to questionnaires presented to him. The actors involved are precisely the patients and doctors who will be involved in the recruitment at the centers. The goal is to make users aware of the use of technology as a support to medicine by improving communication between them. The study focuses on patients with psoriatic arthritis, a chronic inflammatory disease with a low incidence on the general population (below 3%), often associated with psoriasis (chronic dermatological inflammation) that generally precedes the arthritic process. It normally affects only some joints but in severe forms it manifests in the spine, recalling the typical clinical picture of an ankylosing spondylitis. It is an autoimmune disease and is part of the seronegative spondylarthritis group. The project is being conducted in Italy on a national scale, involving 30 centers. The study, with a projected duration of two years, has the goal of involving center doctors in enlisting a number of 10 patients per center. doctors The doctors were provided with a web platform. It allows patient enrollment and electronic data entry during a visit to the healthcare facility. For both users involved (physician and patient), an application is directly linked to the platform. It allows local data collection and storage of data on the mobile device and subsequent synchronization with the server. The app is available on Android and Apple platform stores. Access to content is controlled by a login interface that limits access to the app only through login credentials. As for medical users, they were generated by an admin account directly from the platform, through a section available only to this profile type. Patient users are automatically generated by the system at the time of enrollment in the center. The patient provides informed consent and a mail reference for profile creation and for the participation in the project. The first process resulted in the definition of 5 validated questionnaires, the compilation of which provides useful information for computing the pathological indexes that allow it to track its progress. The selected questionnaires are as follows: - PSAID 12 (Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of Disease): 12-item questionnaire evaluating the patient's state of health over the last 7 days. The calculation results in a pathological outcome; - MASES (Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Entheses Score): assessment of the pathology impact focusing on articulations on 13 specific points located and distributed between the front (8) and rear (5) of the body; - CONTA ARTICOLARE: evaluation of the joints in terms of swelling, pain, limited movement and deformity. - PGA (Patient global assessment): single item questionnaire that produces a score including objective measures of the disease activity but also other aspects of health such as psychological discomfort or comorbidity; - CQR5: a 5-item questionnaire evaluating the patient's adherence to therapeutic treatment. Once defined the questionnaires to be submitted for data collection and the actors involved in the project, the web platform and mobile app has been implemented. A simple and intuitive interface that allows electronic data entry from both the web platform (exclusively for medical profile) and mobile devices (for both profiles involved and optimized for tablet use). The aim is to raise awareness and bring both parties closer to the use of technology as an instrument that is an added value in the medical environment. A report section available from the application also allows tracking of the pathology trend by extracting important information. The supports have been developed by using CodeIgniter, a Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) framework used in web application development that allows integration with other programming languages such as JavaScript and Html. The initial phase of the project included the training at the centers of the medical staff. In healthcare facilities not always suited to the use of technology, the introduction of this support slowed down initially. However, thanks to the introduction of the technology support provided to the centers, these barriers have been demolished and medical staff have welcomed the electronic data collection tool with great satisfaction and enthusiasm. The web app was also integrated, accessible from every type of browser, allowing the user to use the tool from the computer as well as from the mobile device (tablet). Six months after the beginning of the enrollment phase, the training of medical staff has already been carried out in 12 centers. The project had excellent feedback also from the patients. At the moment, 101 patients were enrolled with the centers of Trieste, Jesi and Catanzaro, which included more than 50% of users. The data entered are in line with those in the literature, which show an average age of patients affected by psoriatic arthritis between 40 and 45 years, in the same number among males and females. Data extracted from Apple and Android store analysis tools shows up about 25 app downloads from each of the two platforms. The training at the centers is producing a growth in the number of patients enrolled. That indicates a good feedback on the project by the users. The confirmation of these positive trends could address the project to the creation of a clinical trial that would provide robust data for the introduction of this tool as a support to diagnosis in medical activity. This evolution would envisage an anonymization process of the patient enrolled by encryption of the master data, the drafting of a protocol and a synopsis defining the principles of inclusion and exclusion from study groups. Finally, since the application in this case is used for diagnosis and treatment purposes, it should be submitted to the certification body to obtain the CE marking required in the classification of medical devices.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/138746