Work motivation has been seeing always, by firms, as a key element to achieve high performances. Thus, it is a very comprehensive topic, intensely investigated over time. The objective of this research is to understand how companies have been dealing with the issue of personnel’s motivation and to create a framework where the different theories, together with examples of the relating practical tools, are depicted. Object of particular attention is the debate between two main parties: the performance control trend against the autonomy one. In fact, on the one hand, over the years, many companies have above all favoured a performance-based motivation theory, which means that they believe in the motivational power that performance evaluations and, in general, performance control produce on employees. On the other hand, many parties believe that the new complexity in the firms’ realities, defines a context in which greater freedom and independence of the worker favor his motivation, so every kind of assessment is counterproductive and should be replaced by a system of free communication and instant feedback between supervisors and their employees. Nowadays, in many companies the will to know and open up to this latter trend, is particularly strong. So, a change from the “performance-based” models to the “autonomy-based” ones seems to be clearly in progress. This phenomenon is underlined by the increase of courageous firms that opt directly for the elimination of every kind of evaluation towards personnel or by the adoption of “hybrid” systems between the two extremes, therefore in the wake of modernity. Through a specific analysis of the literature, a practitioner review and a work of direct interviews, the main characteristics of the two trends have been outlined: the basic theories, the practical implementations, the consequent advantages and disadvantages, the supporting tools. Only time and targeted quantitative researches will tell which approach leads to better results. This work lays the groundwork for such future investigations.
La motivazione al lavoro è sempre stata vista dalle aziende come un elemento chiave per ottenere alte prestazioni. Dunque, si tratta di un argomento molto vasto, intensamente investigato nel tempo. L’obiettivo di questa ricerca è capire in che modo le aziende hanno affrontato, fino ad oggi, la questione della motivazione del personale e di creare un framework in cui sono rappresentate le diverse teorie, insieme con esempi dei rispettivi strumenti pratici utilizzati. Oggetto di particolare attenzione è il dibattito tra due principali scuole di pensiero: la tendenza al controllo delle prestazioni rispetto a quella dell’autonomia. Infatti, da un lato, nel corso degli anni, molte aziende hanno favorito soprattutto una teoria della motivazione basata sulle prestazioni, il che significa che esse credono nel potere motivazionale che le valutazioni delle prestazioni e, in generale, il controllo delle stesse producono sul personale. Da un altro lato, molti esperti credono che la nuova complessità nelle realtà delle imprese, definisca un contesto in cui una maggiore libertà e indipendenza del lavoratore favorisca la sua motivazione, quindi ogni tipo di valutazione è controproducente e dovrebbe essere sostituita da un sistema di libera comunicazione e feedback istantaneo tra supervisori e dipendenti. Oggi, in molte aziende, la volontà di conoscere e aprire gli orizzonti verso quest’ultima tendenza è particolarmente forte. Quindi, un cambiamento dai modelli "basati sulle prestazioni" a quelli "basati sull'autonomia" sembra essere chiaramente in corso. Questo fenomeno è sottolineato dall’aumento delle imprese coraggiose che optano direttamente per l’eliminazione di ogni tipo di valutazione nei confronti del personale o dell’adozione di sistemi "ibridi" tra i due estremi, quindi sulla scia della modernità. Attraverso un’analisi specifica della letteratura, un’analisi delle pratiche da fonti secondarie e un lavoro di interviste dirette alle aziende, le principali caratteristiche delle due tendenze sono state delineate: le teorie di base, le implementazioni pratiche, i conseguenti vantaggi e svantaggi, gli strumenti di supporto. Solo il tempo e le ricerche quantitative mirate diranno quale approccio porta a risultati migliori. Questo lavoro getta le basi per tali indagini future.
Individual work motivation among the performance management upheaval
LEONE, PAOLA
2016/2017
Abstract
Work motivation has been seeing always, by firms, as a key element to achieve high performances. Thus, it is a very comprehensive topic, intensely investigated over time. The objective of this research is to understand how companies have been dealing with the issue of personnel’s motivation and to create a framework where the different theories, together with examples of the relating practical tools, are depicted. Object of particular attention is the debate between two main parties: the performance control trend against the autonomy one. In fact, on the one hand, over the years, many companies have above all favoured a performance-based motivation theory, which means that they believe in the motivational power that performance evaluations and, in general, performance control produce on employees. On the other hand, many parties believe that the new complexity in the firms’ realities, defines a context in which greater freedom and independence of the worker favor his motivation, so every kind of assessment is counterproductive and should be replaced by a system of free communication and instant feedback between supervisors and their employees. Nowadays, in many companies the will to know and open up to this latter trend, is particularly strong. So, a change from the “performance-based” models to the “autonomy-based” ones seems to be clearly in progress. This phenomenon is underlined by the increase of courageous firms that opt directly for the elimination of every kind of evaluation towards personnel or by the adoption of “hybrid” systems between the two extremes, therefore in the wake of modernity. Through a specific analysis of the literature, a practitioner review and a work of direct interviews, the main characteristics of the two trends have been outlined: the basic theories, the practical implementations, the consequent advantages and disadvantages, the supporting tools. Only time and targeted quantitative researches will tell which approach leads to better results. This work lays the groundwork for such future investigations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2018_04_Leone.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/139202