Italian energy consumption in domestic sector is continuously growing, also when affording outlays due to air conditioning and ventilation. This work shows the indoor climate control, achieved by using absorbing materials as passive methods. In fact, these materials are capable of stabilize the air humidity oscillations without any electrical usage, and so they are more eco-friendly and less expensive. In the past decades, the study of the interaction between wet air and surfaces like walls, ceilings and floors was often omitted when analysing heat and mass transfer of the whole system. However, in recent years this trend changed, because sorption matter was seriously examined, not only as an isolated phenomenon, but also as an option to reduce domestic energy consumption. We are now analysing a model, named EMPD, meaning “effective moisture penetration depth”, which was born to describe the effect of wall sorption on wet air. It is characterised by good quality in results, often comparable to CFD ones, and by a low computational time. Then this work investigates the performances of the model, using it within an experiment that was carried out at the Politecnico di Milano, within one classroom. Comparing the output of the model to the results measured in the classroom, we obtain an indication of the reliability of EMPD in a real case, and we know more about the causes of its lack of exactness. Several sensitivity tests were implemented to check out how the parameters and the factors of the model influenced the results. In the end, we make a list of suggestions for future projects intended to develop these simulations.
I consumi energetici italiani per il settore domestico sono in continua crescita e, fra di essi, si registrano le notevoli spese sostenute per la climatizzazione e la ventilazione degli spazi interni. La tesi tratta il tema del controllo climatico di ambienti indoor, nei quali la regolazione dell’umidità relativa è conseguita tramite metodi passivi, ossia non richiedenti un input elettrico e, quindi, maggiormente eco-sostenibili. Si vuole presentare l’utilizzo di materiali adsorbenti come agenti tampone ossia in grado di smorzare le oscillazioni del contenuto di vapore acqueo nell’aria, per stabilizzarne l’andamento nel tempo. L’effetto dell’interazione fra aria ambiente e superfici adsorbenti veniva spesso trascurato nei bilanci di scambio termico e di massa, anche dai software dedicati alle simulazioni energetiche degli edifici. Negli ultimi anni si è invece presa in seria considerazione la tematica dell’adsorbimento, e non solo come fenomeno isolato, ma come argomento in grado di influenzare significativamente i consumi energetici. Si prende in esame un modello denominato EMPD (“Effective Moisture Penetration Depth”), nato per descrivere l’adsorbimento delle pareti e la loro azione sull’aria umida. Esso è caratterizzato da semplicità di implementazione e da un basso tempo computazionale, soprattutto rapportato ad una buona qualità nei risultati, spesso paragonabile a quella dei software di calcolo dinamico. Se ne verifica l’efficacia tramite la sua applicazione in un caso di studio reale, ricreato proprio all’interno di un’aula del Politecnico di Milano. Confrontando i risultati ottenuti dalla simulazione numerica con quelli misurati all’interno dell’aula si determina quanto questo modello semplificato sia affidabile e quali sono le possibili cause di una sua scarsa precisione e capacità previsionale. Infine osservando gli output delle prove di sensitività si è potuto stilare un elenco di suggerimenti circa alcuni sviluppi futuri nell’ambito di simulazioni analoghe a questa.
Stabilizzazione delle condizioni ambientali indoor con tecniche passive ad adsorbimento : valutazione di un caso di studio reale mediante il modello EMPD
COLOMBO, ALBERTO
2017/2018
Abstract
Italian energy consumption in domestic sector is continuously growing, also when affording outlays due to air conditioning and ventilation. This work shows the indoor climate control, achieved by using absorbing materials as passive methods. In fact, these materials are capable of stabilize the air humidity oscillations without any electrical usage, and so they are more eco-friendly and less expensive. In the past decades, the study of the interaction between wet air and surfaces like walls, ceilings and floors was often omitted when analysing heat and mass transfer of the whole system. However, in recent years this trend changed, because sorption matter was seriously examined, not only as an isolated phenomenon, but also as an option to reduce domestic energy consumption. We are now analysing a model, named EMPD, meaning “effective moisture penetration depth”, which was born to describe the effect of wall sorption on wet air. It is characterised by good quality in results, often comparable to CFD ones, and by a low computational time. Then this work investigates the performances of the model, using it within an experiment that was carried out at the Politecnico di Milano, within one classroom. Comparing the output of the model to the results measured in the classroom, we obtain an indication of the reliability of EMPD in a real case, and we know more about the causes of its lack of exactness. Several sensitivity tests were implemented to check out how the parameters and the factors of the model influenced the results. In the end, we make a list of suggestions for future projects intended to develop these simulations.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/139581