The synthesis of aliphatic amino acids with high optical purity is of major importance in synthetic chemistry, since such compounds find use in a variety of tailor-mad oligopeptides with biological or pharmacological activity. Biocatalysis, being based on the exploitation of enzymes with intrinsical high selectivity, may represent in this view a preferential technology. In this thesis work, we carry out an enzyme-mediated selective hydrolysis of amino acid thioesters based on a thienylic core in presence of an organic base (trioctylamine), which promotes their racemization. In such conditions, a dynamic kinetic resolution takes place, and we were able to synthesize a series of variously substituted thienylglycines presenting high enantiomeric excess in high yield. The successive reduction of the thienylic core promoted by Ni Raney in presence of hydrazine permits to obtain the corresponding long-chain alkylic amino acid with retention of enantiomeric excess. In conclusion, we were able to devise and put in practice a new synthetic strategy for the obtainment of long-chain alpha amino acids, based on the consecutive action of a biocatalyst and an inorganic catalyst which furnishes products in high yield and excellent enantiomeric excess.
La sintesi di ammonoacidi alifatici ad elevata purezza ottica presenta una grossa importanza, in quanto tali composti trovano uso, oltre che per se stessi, nella sintesi di oligopeptidi a struttura nota aventi diverse applicazioni. La biocatalisi, fondata sull'uso di enzimi ad alta selettività, può rapprentare una via preferenziale in quest'ottica. In questo lavoro di tesi si sfrutta un'idrolisi enzimatica selettiva di tioesteri di amminoacidi basati su di un nucleo tienilico in presenza di una base organica che ne favorisce la racemizzazione, in modo da essere in condizioni di risoluzione cinetica dinamica. Tramite tale metodo, una serie di tienilglicine variamente sostituite è stata ottenuta con elevato eccesso enantiomerico ed alta conversione. Una successiva riduzione del nucleo tienilico mediata di Ni Raney ha permesso di ottenere i corrispondenti amminoacidi alchilichi con ritenzione della purezza ottica. In conclusione, è stata progettata e realizzata una nuova via di sintesi per amminoacidi a lunga catena basata sull'azione successiva di un catalizzatore biologico e di un catalizzatore inorganico.
Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of enantiopure aliphatic amino acids
2017/2018
Abstract
The synthesis of aliphatic amino acids with high optical purity is of major importance in synthetic chemistry, since such compounds find use in a variety of tailor-mad oligopeptides with biological or pharmacological activity. Biocatalysis, being based on the exploitation of enzymes with intrinsical high selectivity, may represent in this view a preferential technology. In this thesis work, we carry out an enzyme-mediated selective hydrolysis of amino acid thioesters based on a thienylic core in presence of an organic base (trioctylamine), which promotes their racemization. In such conditions, a dynamic kinetic resolution takes place, and we were able to synthesize a series of variously substituted thienylglycines presenting high enantiomeric excess in high yield. The successive reduction of the thienylic core promoted by Ni Raney in presence of hydrazine permits to obtain the corresponding long-chain alkylic amino acid with retention of enantiomeric excess. In conclusion, we were able to devise and put in practice a new synthetic strategy for the obtainment of long-chain alpha amino acids, based on the consecutive action of a biocatalyst and an inorganic catalyst which furnishes products in high yield and excellent enantiomeric excess.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/139591