Polymeric electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an electrochemical device that exploit hydrogen and air to produce water and electric energy. It garners the attention of academia and industry field since this innovative technology presents interesting advantages such as high-power density, efficiency and low emissions. PEMFC could become a new way to rationalize the energy consumption on automotive field and domestic stationary applications. Several obstacles limit the spread of this technology, for example the lack of hydrogen supply infrastructure as well as economic competitiveness and technical aspects comparing with internal combustion engine (ICE). Both durability and system cost are the weak points of PEM fuel cell, therefore the driver of research and development. This work aims to investigate the effect of operating parameters on performance of an innovative PEM fuel cell electrode. Experimental campaign is carried out with sensitivity analysis on relative humidity of gas reactants, pressure, temperature, stoichiometry and oxygen mole fraction. Counter flow and co flow configurations are tested such as single and triple serpentine flow field layout in order to ensure homogeneity condition of the performance. Polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are the tool used to realize physical phenomena occurring at any current region. Finally, Accelerated Stress Test (AST) protocol recommended by Department of Energy (DoE) is implemented on cathode electrode and, separately, to cathode carbon support.
La cella a combustibile con membrana a scambio protonico, comunemente conosciuta dall’acronimo inglese PEMFC, è un dispositivo elettrochimico che usando idrogeno ed aria produce energia elettrica e acqua. Ha attirato l’attenzione del mondo della ricerca e dell’industria in quanto presenta estremi vantaggi come l’elevata densità di potenza, alta efficienza e ridotte emissioni. La cella a combustibile potrebbe diventare il nuovo modo di razionalizzare il fabbisogno energetico nel settore automobilistico e come integrazione in sistemi stazionari domestici e/o industriali. Diversi sono gli ostacoli che limitano il diffondersi di questa tecnologia, ad esempio la mancanza di una struttura di approvvigionamento di idrogeno come anche la competitività economica/tecnica rispetto al motore a combustione interna. Ricerca e sviluppo sono indirizzati verso il costo e la vita utile, ad oggi, punti deboli della cella a combustibile. Questa tesi si occupa di volere testare e analizzare le performance di un’innovativa cella a combustibile variando quelli che sono i principali parametri operativi quali pressione, temperatura, umidità relativa dei gas e stechiometria. Quindi, dalla campagna sperimentale, si cerca di trarre di conclusioni qualitative su come un determinato parametro operativo influenzi il comportamento in performance e/o generi una condizione di stress/degradazione. Inoltre, vengono testati e messi a confronti differenti configurazione di ingresso dei gas (coflow vs counterflow) e differenti layout geometrici del percorso dei gas entranti nel flowfield. Infine, vengono applicati due procedure per studiare la degradazione accelerata, proposte dal DoE. Nella prima l’obiettivo è quello di analizzare la degradazione della struttura di platino nel catodo. Mentre, nella seconda, viene degradata la struttura porosa del supporto di carbonio, sempre nel catodo.
Experimental investigation of PEM fuel cell performance and catalyst layer durability by means of accelerated stress tests
ROSETTANI, JACOPO
2017/2018
Abstract
Polymeric electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an electrochemical device that exploit hydrogen and air to produce water and electric energy. It garners the attention of academia and industry field since this innovative technology presents interesting advantages such as high-power density, efficiency and low emissions. PEMFC could become a new way to rationalize the energy consumption on automotive field and domestic stationary applications. Several obstacles limit the spread of this technology, for example the lack of hydrogen supply infrastructure as well as economic competitiveness and technical aspects comparing with internal combustion engine (ICE). Both durability and system cost are the weak points of PEM fuel cell, therefore the driver of research and development. This work aims to investigate the effect of operating parameters on performance of an innovative PEM fuel cell electrode. Experimental campaign is carried out with sensitivity analysis on relative humidity of gas reactants, pressure, temperature, stoichiometry and oxygen mole fraction. Counter flow and co flow configurations are tested such as single and triple serpentine flow field layout in order to ensure homogeneity condition of the performance. Polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are the tool used to realize physical phenomena occurring at any current region. Finally, Accelerated Stress Test (AST) protocol recommended by Department of Energy (DoE) is implemented on cathode electrode and, separately, to cathode carbon support.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/139723