During the last decades, a lot of efforts has been dedicated to study the behavior of beam to column joints and their influence on the structural response of R/C buildings under seismic action. However, there is a lack of information about the behavior of beam to column joints when steel reinforcement is post-installed. This study focuses on behavior of post-installed rebars connections under simulated seismic action. During an earthquake, the bond of anchorages is a crucial point for the development of the desired failure mechanism of a frame structure, because cyclic loads alternatively stress the reinforcement. Indeed, the development of the plastic hinges is dependent on many factors, like efficiency of concrete confinement and yielding of the reinforce steel in the zone of the plastic hinge. Because of this, the ability to develop a plastic hinge is also dependent on the anchorage length, to ensure that steel overcomes the yielding strength. Furthermore, splitting action of tensile loaded rebars could lead to parallel splitting cracks, which reduce bond between steel and concrete. An experimental campaign, with specimens representative of beam to column joint, was carried out to study the differences in the behavior of cast-in and post-installed rebars. The anchorage lengths were designed according to fib Model code 2010 and Eurocode 2 to investigate the difference among the codes. Because typical end anchorages are bent, cast-in rebars specimens were both straight and bent as well. A new cyclic load protocol is proposed to simulate the effect of seismic action on the anchorage length. After the application of the cyclic load, the specimens were tested till failure to assess the effort of degradation of bond as consequence of cyclic loading. Finally, a numerical model was developed to check if the local bond-slip law valid for cast-in rebars is also applicable to post-installed rebars. Results from experimental test suggest that post-installed rebars can be an efficient tool to connect new structural elements for retrofit buildings in seismic zones. However, some additional prescription is needed to take into account for the increasing of the splitting action.
Il comportamento strutturale di nodi trave-pilastro nella risposta di edifici in calcestruzzo armato sottoposti ad azione sismica, rappresenta uno dei temi maggiormente studiati negli ultimi anni. Nonostante l’impiego di barre di armatura post-inserite sia ormai pratica diffusa, le conoscenze relative al loro comportamento nelle zone di ancoraggio sono ancora scarse. Il presente lavoro di tesi ha come obiettivo la valutazione delle prestazioni di ancoraggi terminali realizzati con barre post-inserite soggette ad azione sismica simulata. Poiché l’azione sismica induce sollecitazioni cicliche nelle barre di armatura, l’aderenza rappresenta un punto cruciale per il corretto sviluppo del meccanismo di collasso di strutture intelaiate. Lo sviluppo di cerniere plastiche è, infatti, dipendente da numerosi fattori, tre i quali il confinamento del calcestruzzo e lo snervamento delle armature. È evidente come la capacità di sviluppare una cerniera plastica sia dipendente dalla possibilità di superamento della tensione di snervamento nell’acciaio e, quindi, dal corretto ancoraggio delle armature. Tale capacità può essere limitata dallo sviluppo di fessure da splitting, le quali corrono parallele all’asse delle armature riducendo l’aderenza acciaio-calcestruzzo. La differenza nel comportamento di ancoraggi terminali realizzati con barre pre-inserite e barre post-inserite, è stata studiata sperimentalmente utilizzando dei campioni rappresentativi delle zone diffusive trave-colonna. Le lunghezze di ancoraggio, calcolate in accordo al fib Model Code 2010 e all’Eurocodice 2, hanno permesso la valutazione degli effetti derivanti da una differente lunghezza aderente. Entrambi i codici non permetto la realizzazione di ancoraggi terminali per completa aderenza, ma prescrivono l’utilizzo di barre piegate. Di conseguenza, i campioni di prova sono stati realizzati in differenti configurazioni, tra cui barre piegate. I test sperimentali sono stati eseguiti secondo un nuovo protocollo di prova composto da una parte ciclica, la quale simula gli effetti generati dall’azione sismica. Al termine della parte ciclica, i campioni sono caricati fino a rottura, per valutare l’eventuale diminuzione di prestazioni a seguito dell’applicazione del carico ciclico. Inoltre, la possibilità di impiego dello stesso legame di aderenza tipico di barre annegate in C.A. anche per barre post-installate, è stata valutata mediante l’implementazione di un modello numerico. I risultati sperimentali suggeriscono come le barre post-installate abbiano delle prestazioni paragonabili alle classiche barre pre-inserite, ma è necessario predisporre accorgimenti aggiuntivi nella progettazione per contrastare l’incremento dell’azione da splitting.
Effects of cyclic loading on the anchorage length of post-installed and cast-in rebars
BRÜNNER, RAUL ROMULO
2017/2018
Abstract
During the last decades, a lot of efforts has been dedicated to study the behavior of beam to column joints and their influence on the structural response of R/C buildings under seismic action. However, there is a lack of information about the behavior of beam to column joints when steel reinforcement is post-installed. This study focuses on behavior of post-installed rebars connections under simulated seismic action. During an earthquake, the bond of anchorages is a crucial point for the development of the desired failure mechanism of a frame structure, because cyclic loads alternatively stress the reinforcement. Indeed, the development of the plastic hinges is dependent on many factors, like efficiency of concrete confinement and yielding of the reinforce steel in the zone of the plastic hinge. Because of this, the ability to develop a plastic hinge is also dependent on the anchorage length, to ensure that steel overcomes the yielding strength. Furthermore, splitting action of tensile loaded rebars could lead to parallel splitting cracks, which reduce bond between steel and concrete. An experimental campaign, with specimens representative of beam to column joint, was carried out to study the differences in the behavior of cast-in and post-installed rebars. The anchorage lengths were designed according to fib Model code 2010 and Eurocode 2 to investigate the difference among the codes. Because typical end anchorages are bent, cast-in rebars specimens were both straight and bent as well. A new cyclic load protocol is proposed to simulate the effect of seismic action on the anchorage length. After the application of the cyclic load, the specimens were tested till failure to assess the effort of degradation of bond as consequence of cyclic loading. Finally, a numerical model was developed to check if the local bond-slip law valid for cast-in rebars is also applicable to post-installed rebars. Results from experimental test suggest that post-installed rebars can be an efficient tool to connect new structural elements for retrofit buildings in seismic zones. However, some additional prescription is needed to take into account for the increasing of the splitting action.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/140272