Urbanization which the cities have gone through since the XIX century caused many problems on an environmental level and for human health. A design which keeps in mind wellness of people in urban areas was born just after the II World war. Today we know that a collaboration between different sectors like economy, technology, and social is needed to be able to gain some valuable results in terms of environmental sustainability and health promotion. International organs like UN and WHO started during the last 50 years many policies for wellness, introducing some new topics like social inclusion, and equity in access to services from any category of population. To do that, is necessary that the public administrations take in charge the sustainable development of the cities and the promotion of active lifestyles that allow a better influence on both non-communicable and communicable diseases as the psychological ones. This thesis wants to give a general vision about theoretical evolution of the Urban Health concept and about the main strategies proposed by the international organizations and States. The focus of the research is on the definition and cataloguing of the main factors of environmental risk and their fallout in terms of risks for health, to come to strategies for Urban Health that end whit 20 actions of Urban Health design catalogued into descriptive cards of action, environmental benefits and health benefits. This design actions find their way into a design proposal that comes out from the challenge of ideas “Chicago greening the concrete jungle”, in which the design starts from a program of promotion of physical activity, reduction of incidence of non-communicable diseases, communicable diseases, and inequity and loneliness, by planning quality open spaces and green areas. At the end the thesis tries to asses qualitatively and quantitatively environmental benefits that came out from the planning. Unlucky, it is not possible to exactly quantify the benefits in terms of health, because, as we already know, they are determined from a plenty of different factors that make difficult the estimation in numbers, but it is possible to take over which environmental determinants, positive and negative, have influence on psychophysical wellness, so we can adopt behaviours and planning strategies that gain good results to make urban areas sustainable and healthy places.
L’urbanizzazione di cui sono state oggetto le città dal XIX secolo ad oggi ha causato numerosi problemi a livello ambientale e per la salute umana. Una progettazione che tenesse conto del benessere delle persone in ambito urbano è nata solo dopo la seconda guerra mondiale. Gli organi internazionali come l’ONU e l’OMS hanno attuato negli ultimi cinquant’anni diverse politiche rivolte al benessere, introducendo alcuni temi nuovi, come l’inclusione sociale e la parità di accesso ai servizi da parte di tutte le categorie di popolazione. Questa tesi vuole fornire un visone generale dell’evoluzione teorica del concetto di salute urbana e delle principali azioni intraprese dalle organizzazioni internazionali e dagli stati. L’obiettivo generale della ricerca è individuare e mettere in relazione, i principali fattori di rischio ambientale e le loro ricadute in termini di rischi per la salute umana, per arrivare a delle strategie di Urban Health che si concludono in 20 azioni progettuali catalogate in schede descrittive dell’azione, dei benefici ambientali e dei benefici per la salute. Obiettivi specifici della tesi sono infine, la sintetizzazione dei quattro temi in diagrammi di relazione, l’applicazione delle strategie e delle azioni di Urban Health a una esperienza progettuale, con la partecipazione a un concorso di idee e la valutazione qualitativa e quantitativa dei benefici ambientali, non come semplice autovalutazione, ma al fine di comprendere come i protocolli di valutazione più usati tengono conto delle strategie e delle azioni individuate nella ricerca. Purtroppo, non è ad oggi possibile, nonostante qualche prima esperienza di ricerca internazionale, riuscire a quantificare con esattezza i benefici in termini di salute, poiché, come sappiamo, sono determinati da una grande quantità di fattori che ne rendono difficile la stima in numeri reali, ma resta importante rilevare quali determinanti ambientali positivi e negativi influiscano sulle condizioni di benessere psicofisico, così da poter adottare comportamenti e strategie di pianificazione che raggiungano dei buoni risultati per rendere le aree urbane dei luoghi sostenibili e sani. Oggi sappiamo che è necessaria una collaborazione tra diversi settori: economico, tecnico, sociale e istituzionale per riuscire ad ottenere risultati apprezzabili in termini di sostenibilità ambientale e promozione della salute. Per fare ciò è necessario che le amministrazioni pubbliche si prendano in carico lo sviluppo sostenibile delle città e la promozione di stili di vita che permettano una minore incidenza delle patologie croniche e acute, così come quelle psicologiche.
Healthy urban planning. Strategie e azioni progettuali per la promozione della salute nelle aree urbane
SANTANTONIO, ANDREA
2016/2017
Abstract
Urbanization which the cities have gone through since the XIX century caused many problems on an environmental level and for human health. A design which keeps in mind wellness of people in urban areas was born just after the II World war. Today we know that a collaboration between different sectors like economy, technology, and social is needed to be able to gain some valuable results in terms of environmental sustainability and health promotion. International organs like UN and WHO started during the last 50 years many policies for wellness, introducing some new topics like social inclusion, and equity in access to services from any category of population. To do that, is necessary that the public administrations take in charge the sustainable development of the cities and the promotion of active lifestyles that allow a better influence on both non-communicable and communicable diseases as the psychological ones. This thesis wants to give a general vision about theoretical evolution of the Urban Health concept and about the main strategies proposed by the international organizations and States. The focus of the research is on the definition and cataloguing of the main factors of environmental risk and their fallout in terms of risks for health, to come to strategies for Urban Health that end whit 20 actions of Urban Health design catalogued into descriptive cards of action, environmental benefits and health benefits. This design actions find their way into a design proposal that comes out from the challenge of ideas “Chicago greening the concrete jungle”, in which the design starts from a program of promotion of physical activity, reduction of incidence of non-communicable diseases, communicable diseases, and inequity and loneliness, by planning quality open spaces and green areas. At the end the thesis tries to asses qualitatively and quantitatively environmental benefits that came out from the planning. Unlucky, it is not possible to exactly quantify the benefits in terms of health, because, as we already know, they are determined from a plenty of different factors that make difficult the estimation in numbers, but it is possible to take over which environmental determinants, positive and negative, have influence on psychophysical wellness, so we can adopt behaviours and planning strategies that gain good results to make urban areas sustainable and healthy places.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/140519