Today’s companies are under tremendous pressure to perform at the lowest cost, highest quality, and fastest pace; therefore, lean has emerged as a popular management philosophy for companies to attain a competitive edge. The "lean thinking" concept has become more popular since the beginning of the 21th century in accordance with the advent of the economic crisis. Cost reduction and customer satisfaction are among the primary goals that companies try to reach when developing their strategies. Thus, lean philosophy is perceived as useful “tool” by a wide range of organisations, in the manufacturing and service sectors. Along with lean implementation, however, there is an increasing concern over occupational health and safety (OHS) at the workplace. There is concern that due to lean implementation, the focus on productivity may result in health and safety issues being ignored or worsened. The relationship between lean and OHS has not been clearly understood up to now. In literature, many authors claim that further research is needed to better understand the impact of lean implementation on occupational health and safety. Moreover, a more suitable approach to measure these impacts still needs to be proposed and implemented. Previous studies on the relationship between lean implementation and OHS were mostly case studies that focus on some parts of this relationship. Therefore, a comprehensive study is still lacking in literature. The aim of this dissertation is to determine how lean implementation influences OHS performance, and to suggest the adoption of OHS leading indicators to identify and assess the strength of different mechanisms that shape the relationship. To do so, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify all the elements (antecedents) that influence on OHS performance. For each antecedent one or more possible measurement indicators (leading indicators) were then proposed. Finally, again from a literature review, it was possible to extract three components related to the implementation methods of lean production: fidelity, extensiveness and experience. Lastly, in order to validate the overall model, a set of hypotheses on the relationships between lean components and OHS performance antecedents was tested via Partial least square-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), based on survey data. The survey was conducted to gather information from industries across the world. The analysis clearly proved the importance of using OHS leading indicators to forecast and measure the impact of lean implementation on OHS performance. This thesis contributes to the academic community and to practitioners by offering a quantitative framework for deploying the relationship between lean implementation and OHS performance. Moreover, the proposed framework and OHS leading indicators can be adopted by organizations to design and assess the expected benefits of implementing lean and OHS improvement programmes simultaneously.
Le organizzazioni sono oggi sottoposte ad una tremenda pressione per offrire prodotti e servizi al più basso costo, con la massima qualità e velocità di consegna. Pertanto, la produzione snella (lean production) è emersa come una filosofia di gestione diffusa e vincente per ottenere un vantaggio competitivo. Il concetto di "lean thinking" è diventato ancora più popolare dall'inizio del XXI secolo a seguito della crisi economica. La riduzione dei costi e la soddisfazione del cliente sono tra gli obiettivi primari che le aziende perseguono nel definire le loro strategie. Pertanto, la filosofia lean è vista come uno strumento utile da una vasta gamma di organizzazioni in diversi settori, dal manifatturiero ai servizi. A fianco di obiettivi di efficienza, vi è tuttavia una crescente preoccupazione per la salute e la sicurezza (OHS) nei luoghi di lavoro. Si teme che durante l'implementazione snella, l'attenzione alla produttività possa portare a ignorare o aggravare i problemi di salute e sicurezza. La relazione tra lean e OHS non è stata chiaramente compresa fino ad ora. In letteratura, molti autori sostengono che sono necessarie ulteriori ricerche per capire meglio l'impatto che l'implementazione lean ha sulle prestazioni aziendali di OHS, e un approccio di misura efficace deve ancora essere proposto ed attuato. Inoltre, gli studi finora condotti sono stati per lo più casi di studio incentrati su alcuni aspetti di questa relazione. Pertanto, in letteratura manca uno studio completo sul tema. Lo scopo principale della tesi è duplice: determinare in che modo l’adozione di una filosofia lean influenza le prestazioni OHS e proporre l'utilizzo di leading indicators per misurare l’intensità di questa relazione. A tale scopo, è stata condotta una revisione completa della letteratura per identificare tutti gli elementi per i quali è dimostrata una influenza sulle prestazioni OHS, sulla cui base è stato sviluppato un modello originale che rappresenta gli antecedenti delle prestazioni di OHS. Per ciascun antecedente è stato poi proposto uno o più possibili indicatori di misura (leading indicators). Infine, sempre da un’analisi di letteratura, è stato possibile estrarre tre componenti relativi alle modalità di implementazione della lean production: fedeltà, estensività ed esperienza. Al fine di validare il modello generale, sono state testate una serie di ipotesi circa le relazioni tra i componenti lean e gli antecedenti delle prestazioni OHS. L’analisi è stata condotta utilizzando la tecnica PLS-SEM applicata a dati raccolti tramite sondaggio. L’indagine on-line ha consentito di raccogliere informazioni su diverse industrie in tutto il mondo. I risultati dell’analisi confermano l’importanza degli antecedenti e dei leading indicators come elemento chiave per comprendere e misurare la relazione di influenza sussistente tra lean production e prestazioni OHS. Questo lavoro contribuisce sia alla conoscenza scientifica sia alla pratica industriale mostrando la relazione effettiva tra implementazione della filosofia lean e le prestazioni OHS. Inoltre, il modello e i leading indicators proposti possono essere utilizzati dalle organizzazioni per progettare e valutare i benefici attesi dall'implementazione simultanea di programmi di miglioramento lean e sicurezza.
Measuring the impact of lean implementation on occupational health and safety through leading indicators
MOUSAVI, SEYED SAJAD
Abstract
Today’s companies are under tremendous pressure to perform at the lowest cost, highest quality, and fastest pace; therefore, lean has emerged as a popular management philosophy for companies to attain a competitive edge. The "lean thinking" concept has become more popular since the beginning of the 21th century in accordance with the advent of the economic crisis. Cost reduction and customer satisfaction are among the primary goals that companies try to reach when developing their strategies. Thus, lean philosophy is perceived as useful “tool” by a wide range of organisations, in the manufacturing and service sectors. Along with lean implementation, however, there is an increasing concern over occupational health and safety (OHS) at the workplace. There is concern that due to lean implementation, the focus on productivity may result in health and safety issues being ignored or worsened. The relationship between lean and OHS has not been clearly understood up to now. In literature, many authors claim that further research is needed to better understand the impact of lean implementation on occupational health and safety. Moreover, a more suitable approach to measure these impacts still needs to be proposed and implemented. Previous studies on the relationship between lean implementation and OHS were mostly case studies that focus on some parts of this relationship. Therefore, a comprehensive study is still lacking in literature. The aim of this dissertation is to determine how lean implementation influences OHS performance, and to suggest the adoption of OHS leading indicators to identify and assess the strength of different mechanisms that shape the relationship. To do so, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify all the elements (antecedents) that influence on OHS performance. For each antecedent one or more possible measurement indicators (leading indicators) were then proposed. Finally, again from a literature review, it was possible to extract three components related to the implementation methods of lean production: fidelity, extensiveness and experience. Lastly, in order to validate the overall model, a set of hypotheses on the relationships between lean components and OHS performance antecedents was tested via Partial least square-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), based on survey data. The survey was conducted to gather information from industries across the world. The analysis clearly proved the importance of using OHS leading indicators to forecast and measure the impact of lean implementation on OHS performance. This thesis contributes to the academic community and to practitioners by offering a quantitative framework for deploying the relationship between lean implementation and OHS performance. Moreover, the proposed framework and OHS leading indicators can be adopted by organizations to design and assess the expected benefits of implementing lean and OHS improvement programmes simultaneously.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/140642