Within the perspective of increasing attention to the environmental issues and energy policies, the construction sector has a crucial role. Buildings are responsible of the 40% of the total energy consumptions and generate the 36% of greenhouse gases in Europe. In addition, the long lifecycle of buildings leads to a very small rate of replacement of the existing stock. Thus it is necessary to pursue the objective of building retrofitting, starting from the older buildings stock, which has the largest energy saving potential. This work deals with the HVAC systems retrofitting for a residential building located in Valencia (Spain), selected as pilot site in the European R&D project Heat4Cool. The building model is developed in TRNSYS environment, then its energy needs are assessed and the plant prior to retrofitting is simulated and analysed. Subsequently, a series of renovation layouts are defined, modelled, dynamically simulated and analysed. Parametric simulations are performed for the implementation of solar assisted thermal driven adsorption chiller, exploiting its potentiality as part of a solar cooling mechanism. The optimal case, among the ones simulated, analysed and compared, is determined through a multi-criteria decision analysis that takes into account energetic, environmental, economic and financial parameters. This solution is found to have a reduction of the 69% of the non-renewable primary energy consumptions and of the 67% of CO2 emissions (corresponding to 8.33 tonsCO2/year avoided), compared to the pre-retrofit conditions. The discounted payback period results equal to 15 years, considering as reference the energy improvement incentives actually available in Italy, as in many European countries, that covers the 53% of the investment cost. In addition, the examinations demonstrate that the integration of a solar cooling system leads to values of primary energy consumptions and CO2 emissions 62% lower than a plant retrofit action without renewable energy systems implementations.
Nell’ottica di una crescente attenzione per le tematiche ambientali e le politiche energetiche, il settore delle costruzioni ha un ruolo cruciale. Gli edifici sono responsabili del 40% dei consumi totali di energia e generano il 36% dei gas serra in Europa. Inoltre, la lunga vita utile degli edifici porta a bassi tassi di rinnovamento dello stock esistente. È quindi necessario perseguire l’obiettivo di rinnovamento degli edifici, a partire da quelli più datati, che hanno una maggiore potenzialità di riduzione dei consumi energetici. Questo elaborato affronta il rinnovamento degli impianti termici per un edificio residenziale collocato a Valencia (Spagna), selezionato come caso pilota nel progetto europeo di R&S Heat4Cool. L’edificio è modellato col software TRNSYS, andando a valutare il fabbisogno energetico e a simulare ed analizzare l’impianto allo stato di fatto. In seguito, una serie di schemi impiantistici sono definiti, modellati, simulati dinamicamente e analizzati. Simulazioni parametriche sono effettuate per implementazione di chiller ad adsorbimento alimentati da energia solare termica, sfruttandone le potenzialità in un meccanismo di “solar cooling”. Il caso ottimale, tra quelli simulati, analizzati e comparati, è determinato attraverso una analisi multi-criteriale che tiene in considerazione parametri energetici, ambientali, economici e finanziari. Questa soluzione risulta avere, in confronto allo stato di fatto, una riduzione del 69% dei consumi di energia primaria non rinnovabile e del 67% delle emissioni di CO2 (corrispondente a 8.33 tonCO2/anno evitate). Il periodo di ritorno attualizzato risulta pari a 15 anni, tenendo conto degli incentivi per la riqualificazione energetica attualmente in vigore in Italia, così come in diversi paesi europei, che vanno a coprire il 53% del costo dell’investimento. Inoltre, le valutazioni dimostrano che l’integrazione di sistemi di solar cooling portano a consumi di energia primaria ed emissioni di CO2 il 62% più bassi rispetto ad una ristrutturazione impiantistica attuata senza l’impiego di sistemi ad energia rinnovabile.
Analysis of HVAC retrofit layouts, including solar cooling system with adsorption heat pump. Definition, modelling, dynamic simulation and multi-criteria evaluation
COLOMBO, PAOLA;FILIPPINI, GIULIA
2017/2018
Abstract
Within the perspective of increasing attention to the environmental issues and energy policies, the construction sector has a crucial role. Buildings are responsible of the 40% of the total energy consumptions and generate the 36% of greenhouse gases in Europe. In addition, the long lifecycle of buildings leads to a very small rate of replacement of the existing stock. Thus it is necessary to pursue the objective of building retrofitting, starting from the older buildings stock, which has the largest energy saving potential. This work deals with the HVAC systems retrofitting for a residential building located in Valencia (Spain), selected as pilot site in the European R&D project Heat4Cool. The building model is developed in TRNSYS environment, then its energy needs are assessed and the plant prior to retrofitting is simulated and analysed. Subsequently, a series of renovation layouts are defined, modelled, dynamically simulated and analysed. Parametric simulations are performed for the implementation of solar assisted thermal driven adsorption chiller, exploiting its potentiality as part of a solar cooling mechanism. The optimal case, among the ones simulated, analysed and compared, is determined through a multi-criteria decision analysis that takes into account energetic, environmental, economic and financial parameters. This solution is found to have a reduction of the 69% of the non-renewable primary energy consumptions and of the 67% of CO2 emissions (corresponding to 8.33 tonsCO2/year avoided), compared to the pre-retrofit conditions. The discounted payback period results equal to 15 years, considering as reference the energy improvement incentives actually available in Italy, as in many European countries, that covers the 53% of the investment cost. In addition, the examinations demonstrate that the integration of a solar cooling system leads to values of primary energy consumptions and CO2 emissions 62% lower than a plant retrofit action without renewable energy systems implementations.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/141173