Prostate cancer is the most common among men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. The low specificity and high rate of false positives of current screening lead to the development of accurate and minimally invasive diagnostic tests. This thesis work is part of a larger project aimed at the evaluation of electronic nose (EN) for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer by means of urine analysis. The feasibility analysis conducted showed a good EN capacity in the discrimination between healthy and tumor subjects. However, during the analysis a decrease in the sensitivity of the sensors of the instrument was detected over time. Therefore, this thesis work focused on the study of one of the main problems associated with the use of gas sensor, drift, and on the validation of previously obtained results. For drift correction, two different approaches, based on the application of sensor signal correction methods and on the development of innovative sensors, were evaluated. In particular, the literary methods have been critically analyzed to identify the techniques best suited to the specific application. Since many literary methods propose the use of calibrants for the estimation of a drift trend over time, some compounds present in the urine commonly used as calibrants have been evaluated, with the aim of identifying some of them for the correction of the signals and the application of the identified methods. In addition, innovative sensors were produced with similar materials and different structural characteristics, with the aim of comparing their performance and identifying the sensors types less affected by drift. Finally, for the validation of the results obtained in the previous studies, the number of the studied population has been increased and the experimental procedure has been optimized in terms of analysis methods with electronic nose and data processing.
Il cancro prostatico è il più diffuso tra gli uomini e la seconda causa di morte legata al cancro. La bassa specificità e l’elevato tasso di falsi positivi dello screening attuale incentivano l’interesse nello sviluppo di test diagnostici accurati e poco invasivi. Questo lavoro di tesi si inserisce in un progetto più ampio finalizzato allo studio dell’applicazione del naso elettronico per la diagnosi precoce del cancro prostatico mediante l’analisi delle urine. L’analisi di fattibilità condotta ha dimostrato una buona capacità dello strumento nella discriminazione tra soggetti sani e affetti da tumore. Durante le analisi è stata tuttavia riscontrata una decrescita nel tempo della sensitività dei sensori dello strumento. Questo lavoro di tesi è stato focalizzato quindi sullo studio di uno dei principali problemi associato all’utilizzo di sensori a gas, il drift, e sulla validazione dei risultati precedentemente ottenuti. Per la correzione del drift, sono stati valutati due differenti approcci, basati sull’applicazione di metodi di correzione dei segnali dei sensori e sullo sviluppo di sensori innovativi. In particolare, sono stati analizzati criticamente i metodi proposti in letteratura per individuare le tecniche più consone all’applicazione specifica. Poiché molti metodi letterari propongono l'uso di calibranti per la stima di un andamento nel tempo del drift, sono stati valutati dei composti presenti nelle urine comunemente impiegati come calibranti, con lo scopo di identificarne alcuni per la correzione dei segnali e l’applicazione dei metodi individuati. Sono stati realizzati inoltre sensori innovativi con materiali simili e diverse caratteristiche strutturali, con l’obiettivo di confrontare la loro performance e identificare le tipologie di sensori meno soggette a drift. Per la validazione dei risultati ottenuti negli studi pregressi, è stata infine incrementata la numerosità della popolazione studiata ed è stata ottimizzata la procedura sperimentale in termini di modalità di analisi con naso elettronico ed elaborazione dati.
Electronic nose sensor response processing for application in clinical diagnosis
VITALI, SILVIA
2017/2018
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common among men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. The low specificity and high rate of false positives of current screening lead to the development of accurate and minimally invasive diagnostic tests. This thesis work is part of a larger project aimed at the evaluation of electronic nose (EN) for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer by means of urine analysis. The feasibility analysis conducted showed a good EN capacity in the discrimination between healthy and tumor subjects. However, during the analysis a decrease in the sensitivity of the sensors of the instrument was detected over time. Therefore, this thesis work focused on the study of one of the main problems associated with the use of gas sensor, drift, and on the validation of previously obtained results. For drift correction, two different approaches, based on the application of sensor signal correction methods and on the development of innovative sensors, were evaluated. In particular, the literary methods have been critically analyzed to identify the techniques best suited to the specific application. Since many literary methods propose the use of calibrants for the estimation of a drift trend over time, some compounds present in the urine commonly used as calibrants have been evaluated, with the aim of identifying some of them for the correction of the signals and the application of the identified methods. In addition, innovative sensors were produced with similar materials and different structural characteristics, with the aim of comparing their performance and identifying the sensors types less affected by drift. Finally, for the validation of the results obtained in the previous studies, the number of the studied population has been increased and the experimental procedure has been optimized in terms of analysis methods with electronic nose and data processing.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2018_07_Vitali.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: "Testo della tesi"
Dimensione
7.4 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
7.4 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/141303