Nowadays, the global energetic demand is almost totally covered by fossil fuels. Due to the high pollution produced from fossil fuels that release different pollutants in air, like CO2, and due to the progressive reduction of the deposits, the society is trying to find alternative energetic sources that could be more sustainable respect to the non-renewable ones. A new type of energetic source can be obtained from industrial or agricultural organic waste. In this category the most promising are Biofuels that are becoming important due to their properties and thanks to the national government and global industry that are trying to develop processes that can be considered “Environmental Friendly”. The aim of this thesis is the development of a process for biomethane liquefaction, a product similar to methane, derived from biogas that is produced from anaerobic fermentation of organic waste. The analysed technology is called Single Mixed Refrigerant (SMR) as its refrigeration cycle does not use a single component but a gaseous mixture to liquefy the biomethane current. Among the advantages of liquefaction there are the facility of storage, usage and transportation of liquid biomethane. The work starts with an initial analysis of the global energetic situation and global biofuels situation. After that, liquefaction processes are considered and explained, in particular the SMR liquefaction technology from energetic and economic point of view. Finally, the SMR configuration is compared with the N2 technology proposed by SIAD Macchine Impianti with which this thesis has been formulated. Obtained results are used to establish if the SMR cycle is cheaper compared to the N2 both from an energetic and an economic point of view. The aim of this thesis is the development of a process for biomethane liquefaction, a product similar to methane, derived from biogas that is produced from anaerobic fermentation of organic waste. The analysed technology is called Single Mixed Refrigerant (SMR) as its refrigeration cycle does not use a single component but a gaseous mixture to liquefy the biomethane current. Among the advantages of liquefaction there are the facility of storage, usage and transportation of liquid biomethane. The work starts with an initial analysis of the global energetic situation and global biofuels situation. After that, liquefaction processes are considered and explained, in particular the SMR liquefaction technology from energetic and economic point of view. Finally, the SMR configuration is compared with the N2 technology proposed by SIAD Macchine Impianti with which this thesis has been formulated. Obtained results are used to establish if the SMR cycle is cheaper compared to the N2 both from an energetic and an economic point of view.
Al giorno d’oggi, la domanda energetica mondiale è quasi totalmente coperta da combustibili di origine fossile e non rinnovabile. A causa dell’alto inquinamento prodotto dall’uso di combustibili fossili che rilasciano nell’aria diverse sostanze inquinanti, come per esempio la CO2, e della progressiva riduzione delle riserve globali, la società è alla ricerca di nuove fonti energetiche più sostenibili. Una nuova possibile fonte energetica, molto incentivata negli ultimi anni, è quella ottenibile dallo smaltimento di materiale organico come residui agricoli, residui dell’industria alimentare o addirittura dal recupero di rifiuti solidi urbani. In questa macro categoria rientrano i Biofuels, che stanno prendendo sempre più piede grazie alla spinta data dai governi nazionali che tendono spostare la dipendenza energetica da fonti fossili a fonti rinnovabili e grazie anche all’industria globale che si sta concentrando sullo sviluppo di processi produttivi considerati “Environmental Friendly”, cercando di sfruttare energie sempre più pulite. Lo scopo di questa tesi verte sullo sviluppo di un processo per la liquefazione del biometano, un particolare gas sostanzialmente corrispondente al metano, prodotto dalla purificazione del biogas ottenuto dalla fermentazione anaerobica di materiale organico di varia provenienza. La tecnologia analizzata è definita Single Mixed Refrigerant (SMR) perché utilizza una miscela di gas come fluido refrigerante per portare il biometano dallo stato gassoso a quello liquido garantendo così maggior facilità nello stoccaggio e nell’utilizzo di questa fonte energetica. Il lavoro sarà articolato in un’iniziale analisi della situazione energetica globale con una descrizione delle nuove fonti energetiche considerate. Successivamente verrà introdotto il processo di liquefazione con una valutazione energetica e economica dell’impianto SMR per un processo da 4.9 tonnellate giornaliere di biometano (TPD), confrontato poi con il processo ad azoto attualmente progettato e prodotto da SIAD Macchine Impianti con cui è stato svolto il lavoro di tesi. I risultati ottenuti, serviranno a valutare se la tecnologia SMR risulta più conveniente dal punto di vista economico ed energetico rispetto a quella ad azoto.
Biomethane liquefaction : comparison between closed-loop nitrogen cycle and single mixed refrigerant cycle
PIROVANO, SIMONE
2017/2018
Abstract
Nowadays, the global energetic demand is almost totally covered by fossil fuels. Due to the high pollution produced from fossil fuels that release different pollutants in air, like CO2, and due to the progressive reduction of the deposits, the society is trying to find alternative energetic sources that could be more sustainable respect to the non-renewable ones. A new type of energetic source can be obtained from industrial or agricultural organic waste. In this category the most promising are Biofuels that are becoming important due to their properties and thanks to the national government and global industry that are trying to develop processes that can be considered “Environmental Friendly”. The aim of this thesis is the development of a process for biomethane liquefaction, a product similar to methane, derived from biogas that is produced from anaerobic fermentation of organic waste. The analysed technology is called Single Mixed Refrigerant (SMR) as its refrigeration cycle does not use a single component but a gaseous mixture to liquefy the biomethane current. Among the advantages of liquefaction there are the facility of storage, usage and transportation of liquid biomethane. The work starts with an initial analysis of the global energetic situation and global biofuels situation. After that, liquefaction processes are considered and explained, in particular the SMR liquefaction technology from energetic and economic point of view. Finally, the SMR configuration is compared with the N2 technology proposed by SIAD Macchine Impianti with which this thesis has been formulated. Obtained results are used to establish if the SMR cycle is cheaper compared to the N2 both from an energetic and an economic point of view. The aim of this thesis is the development of a process for biomethane liquefaction, a product similar to methane, derived from biogas that is produced from anaerobic fermentation of organic waste. The analysed technology is called Single Mixed Refrigerant (SMR) as its refrigeration cycle does not use a single component but a gaseous mixture to liquefy the biomethane current. Among the advantages of liquefaction there are the facility of storage, usage and transportation of liquid biomethane. The work starts with an initial analysis of the global energetic situation and global biofuels situation. After that, liquefaction processes are considered and explained, in particular the SMR liquefaction technology from energetic and economic point of view. Finally, the SMR configuration is compared with the N2 technology proposed by SIAD Macchine Impianti with which this thesis has been formulated. Obtained results are used to establish if the SMR cycle is cheaper compared to the N2 both from an energetic and an economic point of view.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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FINALE.pdf
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Descrizione: "BIOMETHANE LIQUEFACTION: COMPARISON BETWEEN CLOSED-LOOP NITROGEN CYCLE AND SINGLE MIXED REFRIGERANT CYCLE",Simone Pirovano
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/141325