Nowadays, with the fast flow of information and the rise of new technologies and digital platforms leading to major disruptions, the creation of value is no more the domain of single big firms, but rather of collaborative networks composed by heterogeneous and loosely coupled actors. From this context, it has emerged and has seen a rapid diffusion through the last years, the concept of “innovation ecosystem” (Adner, 2006) which can be defined as a dynamic network of firms which co-evolve and work cooperatively and competitively to create value. In this thesis work, we will first conduct a literature review in order to explore the concept of “innovation ecosystem”; we will describe its genesis, its definition, and the key notions of network and platform. During the literature review we will introduce the notion of ‘Technological Innovation System’ (TIS) which represents the forerunner of the innovation ecosystem concept; we will use the research coming from the TIS literature stream to provide new evidence and elaborate a governance framework valid for a large share of innovation ecosystems orchestrated by a hub firm and dealing with technological innovations. The governance framework which we will introduce in our study is organized into four essential steps: the first is the mapping of the ecosystem structure, the second is the description of the main governance ‘functions’, the third is the identification of the innovation ecosystem’s ‘tensions’ and problems, the fourth is the design of the appropriate governance instruments which would impact the functions and the tensions of the ecosystem. Crossing these four dimensions, the analysis is characterized by an increasing level of specificity which makes difficult the generalization of peculiar elements, like the design of the appropriate policies for handling problems which are typical of a certain region, industry, phase of the ecosystem lifecycle, or technology. The governance framework will then be applied to the case of the public healthcare innovation ecosystem of the Lombardy Region (in Italy), this innovation ecosystem is characterized by dynamism and a heterogeneous, loosely coupled network formed by many diverse actors. The hearth of the ecosystem is represented by the SISS platform (Sistema Informativo Socio Sanitario), the related IT infrastructures and complementary applications which contribute to the supply of the healthcare services within the region. The ultimate goal is to co-create value in form of improved administrative and treatment processes for a better healthcare service. The analysis of this case will be carried out in two steps, through two distinct methodologies: the co-authorship analysis on the actors participating in the Lombardy Region public healthcare innovation ecosystem, and the event history analysis supporting the analysis of all the principal policies drafted by the regional government. These two methodologies will provide enough data and insights to answer two research questions: (1) How is the diffusion of new technologies governed in the case of a public healthcare innovation ecosystem? How do the related governance processes evolve? (2) Which policy instruments are used by the hub firm in a public healthcare innovation ecosystem, and which is their impact on the systemic tensions? The principal gaps of the innovation ecosystem literature which will be addressed in this work are the lack of frameworks or methodological tools for the analysis, the lack of empirical studies, and the absence of analysis on the ecosystem’s dynamics and its main phases.
Nel corso degli ultimi decenni, grazie al rapido scambio delle informazioni e l’ascesa di nuove tecnologie e piattaforme digitali causa di rilevanti sconvolgimenti, la creazione del valore e dell’innovazione non è più il dominio di singole grandi aziende, ma piuttosto di complesse reti collaborative composte da attori eterogenei e liberamente accoppiati. Da questo contesto, è emerso, e ha visto una rapida diffusione negli ultimi anni, il concetto di “ecosistema di innovazione” o “innovation ecosystem” (Adner, 2006) che può essere definito come una rete dinamica di imprese che co-evolvono e lavorano in modo cooperativo e competitivo per creare valore. In questo elaborato, condurremmo innanzitutto una analisi della letteratura per approfondire il concetto di “ecosistema di innovazione”; descriveremo la sua genesi, la sua definizione, e le nozioni chiave di rete di attori (network) e piattaforma. Durante l’analisi della letteratura, introdurremmo il termine di “sistema di innovazione tecnologica” (‘Technological Innovation System’ - TIS) che rappresenta il precursore del concetto di ecosistema di innovazione; useremo la ricerca condotta all’interno di questa parte della letteratura per elaborare un modello di governance valido per ampia parte degli ecosistemi di innovazione, coordinati da un’organizzazione principale (hub firm) e occupati nello sviluppo di innovazioni tecnologiche. Il modello di governance che descriveremo nel nostro studio è organizzato in quattro fasi essenziali: la prima è la mappatura della struttura dell’ecosistema, la seconda è la descrizione delle principali “funzioni” di governance, la terza è l’identificazione di “tensioni” e problemi all’interno dell’ecosistema di innovazione, la quarta è progettazione di strumenti di governance appropriati, che abbiano un impatto sulle funzioni e sulle tensioni dell’ecosistema. Trasversalmente a queste quattro fasi, l’analisi viene caratterizzata da un crescente livello di specificità che rende difficile la generalizzazione di elementi tipicamente legati ad un contesto specifico, quali la progettazione di politiche appropriate per gestire i problemi tipici di una determinata regione geografica, un determinato settore industriale, una fase del ciclo di vita dell’ecosistema, o una determinata innovazione tecnologica. Il modello di governance sarà quindi applicato al caso dell’ecosistema di innovazione per la sanità pubblica nella Regione Lombardia (in Italia), questo ecosistema di innovazione è caratterizzato da dinamismo e da una rete formata da molti attori diversi. Il cuore dell’ecosistema è rappresentato dalla piattaforma SISS (Sistema Informativo Socio Sanitario), dalle relative infrastrutture informatiche, e dalle applicazioni che contribuiscono alla fornitura dei servizi sanitari all’interno della regione. L’obiettivo finale è quello di co-creare valore sotto forma di migliori processi amministrativi e di cura per un migliore servizio sanitario. L’analisi di questo caso è stata condotta in due fasi, attraverso due metodologie distinte: un’analisi bibliografica delle relazioni tra gli autori di pubblicazioni scientifiche (co-authorship analysis), e un’analisi qualitativa sulle politiche elaborate dal governo regionale (event history analysis). Queste due metodologie forniranno dati e approfondimenti sufficienti per rispondere a due domande di ricerca: (1) In che modo la diffusione di nuove tecnologie è governata nel caso di un ecosistema di innovazione per la sanità pubblica? Come si evolvono i relativi processi di governance? (2) Quali politiche sono utilizzate da un’organizzazione in capo ad un ecosistema di innovazione per la sanità pubblica, e qual è il loro impatto sulle tensioni dell’ecosistema? Le principali lacune che saranno affrontate in questo lavoro sono la mancanza di strumenti o modelli per l’analisi degli ecosistemi, la mancanza di studi empirici, e l’assenza di analisi sulle dinamiche dell’ecosistema e le sue fasi principali.
Introducing a governance framework for the innovation ecosystems. The case of the public healthcare innovation ecosystem in the Lombardy Region
BARBAROSSA, MARCO
2017/2018
Abstract
Nowadays, with the fast flow of information and the rise of new technologies and digital platforms leading to major disruptions, the creation of value is no more the domain of single big firms, but rather of collaborative networks composed by heterogeneous and loosely coupled actors. From this context, it has emerged and has seen a rapid diffusion through the last years, the concept of “innovation ecosystem” (Adner, 2006) which can be defined as a dynamic network of firms which co-evolve and work cooperatively and competitively to create value. In this thesis work, we will first conduct a literature review in order to explore the concept of “innovation ecosystem”; we will describe its genesis, its definition, and the key notions of network and platform. During the literature review we will introduce the notion of ‘Technological Innovation System’ (TIS) which represents the forerunner of the innovation ecosystem concept; we will use the research coming from the TIS literature stream to provide new evidence and elaborate a governance framework valid for a large share of innovation ecosystems orchestrated by a hub firm and dealing with technological innovations. The governance framework which we will introduce in our study is organized into four essential steps: the first is the mapping of the ecosystem structure, the second is the description of the main governance ‘functions’, the third is the identification of the innovation ecosystem’s ‘tensions’ and problems, the fourth is the design of the appropriate governance instruments which would impact the functions and the tensions of the ecosystem. Crossing these four dimensions, the analysis is characterized by an increasing level of specificity which makes difficult the generalization of peculiar elements, like the design of the appropriate policies for handling problems which are typical of a certain region, industry, phase of the ecosystem lifecycle, or technology. The governance framework will then be applied to the case of the public healthcare innovation ecosystem of the Lombardy Region (in Italy), this innovation ecosystem is characterized by dynamism and a heterogeneous, loosely coupled network formed by many diverse actors. The hearth of the ecosystem is represented by the SISS platform (Sistema Informativo Socio Sanitario), the related IT infrastructures and complementary applications which contribute to the supply of the healthcare services within the region. The ultimate goal is to co-create value in form of improved administrative and treatment processes for a better healthcare service. The analysis of this case will be carried out in two steps, through two distinct methodologies: the co-authorship analysis on the actors participating in the Lombardy Region public healthcare innovation ecosystem, and the event history analysis supporting the analysis of all the principal policies drafted by the regional government. These two methodologies will provide enough data and insights to answer two research questions: (1) How is the diffusion of new technologies governed in the case of a public healthcare innovation ecosystem? How do the related governance processes evolve? (2) Which policy instruments are used by the hub firm in a public healthcare innovation ecosystem, and which is their impact on the systemic tensions? The principal gaps of the innovation ecosystem literature which will be addressed in this work are the lack of frameworks or methodological tools for the analysis, the lack of empirical studies, and the absence of analysis on the ecosystem’s dynamics and its main phases.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/141326