ABSTRACT (ENGLISH VERSION) Nowadays, it is an inevitable fact that the construction industry has an importance in the world economy. And, their main players who are contractors are profit-seeking firms. Therefore, their primary objective is to minimize the total cost of a construction project which is consisted of direct and indirect costs. The direct costs of a construction project are related to material, labour, machine and equipment. When these direct costs are observed in properly, it is seen that materials are playing a key role at the total cost of the construction project thanks to having a significant proportion of it. After reviewing many studies on previous construction projects, many delays’ reasons are determined about materials issue. Due to these reasons, the proper materials management has an essential in order to improve contractor’s effectiveness in a construction project. Besides, the small lot sizes, frequent deliveries, and minimized inventory in both raw materials and working progress are required in order to get excellent results on a construction project. The reason is for that the contractor’s budget is not tied up in inventory in a considerable amount while providing a non-disrupted flow in the fabrication process. In this research, the Lean Management, Lean Construction and Supply Chain Management is evaluated concerning previous articles, publishments, and studies in order to get an idea how to observe a real case. While observing these topics, it is determined that especially Just-in-time (JIT) philosophy is providing a system in terms of small buffer sizes, and small lot sizes. Due to this reason, when an empirical effort is creating, its method is taken as a principle. Besides, Last Planner System is also considered in terms of evaluating the results of an empirical effort. JIT is also known as a zero inventory policy (ZIP) was flourished in Japan in the early 1950s. It is a manufactıring system to provide continuous flow, eliminating all forms of waste, and adding values. It tries to provide a system is implemented by the right materials, in the right quantities and quality, in the right time. It also executes a Pull System which means that produce products when it is required. Besides, the Last Planner System can be used to prevent delays, not qualitative Works and improve the efficiency of a contractor. Moreover, collaboration, teamwork, trust and reliability among workers is needed for continuous flow of LPS. Also, LPS’s phases which are master scheduling, phase scheduling, Lookahead planning, Weekly work plans (WWP) are also contributing to a construction project’S performance when it is appropriately implemented. In the empirical effort, one real case is chosen in order to study. And, the curtain wall’s system is observed concerning its materials. For that, the eighteen alternatives on materials management are created. In these alternatives include buffer sizes (small, medium, large), scheduling practices (optimistic, neutral, pessimistic) and lot sizes (small, large). The main objective of this empirical effort is to provide contractors with an objective to assist them in choosing the most economical materials management system by recommending buffer sizes, a scheduling practice, and lot sizes under the special conditions of the project at the beginning of the project. The empirical effort is generated considering the specific conditions through five stages: 1. Creating a logical mathematical system for current activities, 2. Determining the independent (inputs) and dependent (outputs) variables of the model, 3. Dynamic empirical effort’s model, 4. Model verification and validation, 5. Experimentation. After finishing these issues, the actual data which obtain from Albaraka Project’s site chief and owners of the companies is entered into the empirical effort. And the TCI (Total Cost of Inventory) are calculated for each alternative. The results are shown that the contractor can save its %27,4 budget while choosing the best option is associated with a small lot size and small buffer size. Finally, the case study shows that a contractor can get profits while implementing lean management on its project. So, the contractor can execute its major target that minimizes the total cost of a project. Therefore, this study is useful since it helps contractors in selecting the most economical curtain wall’s management system by recommending buffer sizes (small, medium, large), a scheduling practice (optimistic, neutral, pessimistic), and lot sizes (small, large) under the special conditions of the project.
ABSTRACT (ITALIAN VERSION) Al giorno d'oggi, è un fatto inevitabile che l'industria delle costruzioni ha un'importanza nell'economia mondiale. E i loro principali attori che sono appaltatori sono le imprese che cercano profitto. Pertanto, il loro obiettivo principale è ridurre al minimo il costo totale di un progetto di costruzione che è costituito da costi diretti e indiretti. I costi diretti di un progetto di costruzione sono legati a materiali, manodopera, macchine e attrezzature. Quando questi costi diretti sono osservati correttamente, si vede che i materiali stanno giocando un ruolo chiave al costo totale del progetto di costruzione, grazie ad una grande percentuale di esso. Dopo aver esaminato molti studi su precedenti progetti di costruzione, sono state determinate molte ragioni per i ritardi sul problema dei materiali. A causa di questi motivi, la corretta gestione dei materiali è essenziale per migliorare l'efficacia dell'appaltatore in un progetto di costruzione. Inoltre, per ottenere ottimi risultati in un progetto di costruzione sono necessari piccoli lotti, consegne frequenti e scorte ridotte al minimo sia per le materie prime che per i progressi di lavorazione. Il motivo è che il budget del contraente non è legato all'inventario in grande quantità pur fornendo un flusso non interrotto nel processo di fabbricazione. In questa ricerca, la Lean Management, la Lean Construction e la Supply Chain Management vengono valutate su articoli precedenti, pubblicazioni e studi al fine di avere un'idea su come osservare un caso reale. Osservando questi argomenti, è determinato che la filosofia del JIT (Just-in-time) sta fornendo un sistema in termini di piccole dimensioni del buffer e dimensioni del lotto ridotte. Per questo motivo, quando uno sforzo empirico sta creando, il suo metodo è preso come principio. Inoltre, Ultimo Planner System è anche considerato in termini di valutazione dei risultati di uno sforzo empirico. JIT è anche noto che una politica di inventario zero (ZIP) è stata fiorita in Giappone nei primi anni '50. È un sistema di produzione per fornire un flusso continuo, eliminando tutte le forme di spreco e aggiungendo valori. Cerca di fornire un sistema che sia implementato con i materiali giusti, nelle giuste quantità e qualità, nel momento giusto. Esegue anche un sistema Pull che significa che producono prodotti quando è richiesto. Inoltre, il sistema Last Planner può essere utilizzato per prevenire ritardi, non lavori qualitativi e migliorare l'efficienza di un appaltatore. Inoltre, la collaborazione, il lavoro di squadra, la fiducia e l'affidabilità tra i lavoratori sono necessari per il flusso continuo di LPS. Inoltre, le fasi di LPS che sono la pianificazione generale, la pianificazione delle fasi, la pianificazione Lookahead, i piani di lavoro settimanali (WWP) contribuiscono anche alle prestazioni del progetto di costruzione quando sono implementate correttamente. Nello sforzo empirico, viene scelto un caso reale per studiare. E il sistema del muro di facciata è osservato per quanto riguarda i suoi materiali. Per questo, vengono create le diciotto alternative sulla gestione dei materiali. In queste alternative sono comprese le dimensioni del buffer (piccolo, medio, grande), le pratiche di pianificazione (ottimistiche, neutre, pessimistiche) e le dimensioni del lotto (piccole, grandi). L'obiettivo principale di questo sforzo empirico è fornire agli appaltatori l'obiettivo di assisterli nella scelta del sistema di gestione dei materiali più economico, raccomandando dimensioni del buffer, una pratica di pianificazione e lotti di dimensioni nelle condizioni speciali del progetto all'inizio del progetto Lo sforzo empirico è generato considerando le condizioni specifiche attraverso cinque fasi: 1. Creare un sistema matematico logico sulle attività correnti, 2. Determinazione delle variabili indipendenti (input) e dipendenti (uscite) del modello, 3. Modello dinamico di sforzo empirico, 4. Verifica e convalida del modello, 5. Sperimentazione. Dopo aver terminato questi problemi, i dati effettivi ottenuti dal capo del sito di Albaraka Project e dai proprietari delle società vengono inseriti nello sforzo empirico. E il TCI (costo totale dell'inventario) viene calcolato per ciascuna alternativa. I risultati mostrano che il contraente può risparmiare il suo budget% 27,4 mentre sceglie che l'opzione migliore è associata a piccole dimensioni di lotto e dimensioni di buffer ridotte. Infine, il case study mostra che un appaltatore può ottenere profitti mentre implementa il lean management sul suo progetto. Quindi, l'appaltatore può eseguire il suo obiettivo principale che riduce al minimo il costo totale di un progetto. Pertanto, questo studio è utile in quanto aiuta gli appaltatori a scegliere il sistema di gestione delle facciate più economico raccomandando dimensioni del buffer (piccolo, medio, grande), una pratica di pianificazione (ottimistica, neutra, pessimistica) e le dimensioni del lotto (piccole, grandi) nelle condizioni speciali del progetto.
Lean management on supply chain systems in construction projects through an empirical model
SIMSEK, HUSEYIN
2017/2018
Abstract
ABSTRACT (ENGLISH VERSION) Nowadays, it is an inevitable fact that the construction industry has an importance in the world economy. And, their main players who are contractors are profit-seeking firms. Therefore, their primary objective is to minimize the total cost of a construction project which is consisted of direct and indirect costs. The direct costs of a construction project are related to material, labour, machine and equipment. When these direct costs are observed in properly, it is seen that materials are playing a key role at the total cost of the construction project thanks to having a significant proportion of it. After reviewing many studies on previous construction projects, many delays’ reasons are determined about materials issue. Due to these reasons, the proper materials management has an essential in order to improve contractor’s effectiveness in a construction project. Besides, the small lot sizes, frequent deliveries, and minimized inventory in both raw materials and working progress are required in order to get excellent results on a construction project. The reason is for that the contractor’s budget is not tied up in inventory in a considerable amount while providing a non-disrupted flow in the fabrication process. In this research, the Lean Management, Lean Construction and Supply Chain Management is evaluated concerning previous articles, publishments, and studies in order to get an idea how to observe a real case. While observing these topics, it is determined that especially Just-in-time (JIT) philosophy is providing a system in terms of small buffer sizes, and small lot sizes. Due to this reason, when an empirical effort is creating, its method is taken as a principle. Besides, Last Planner System is also considered in terms of evaluating the results of an empirical effort. JIT is also known as a zero inventory policy (ZIP) was flourished in Japan in the early 1950s. It is a manufactıring system to provide continuous flow, eliminating all forms of waste, and adding values. It tries to provide a system is implemented by the right materials, in the right quantities and quality, in the right time. It also executes a Pull System which means that produce products when it is required. Besides, the Last Planner System can be used to prevent delays, not qualitative Works and improve the efficiency of a contractor. Moreover, collaboration, teamwork, trust and reliability among workers is needed for continuous flow of LPS. Also, LPS’s phases which are master scheduling, phase scheduling, Lookahead planning, Weekly work plans (WWP) are also contributing to a construction project’S performance when it is appropriately implemented. In the empirical effort, one real case is chosen in order to study. And, the curtain wall’s system is observed concerning its materials. For that, the eighteen alternatives on materials management are created. In these alternatives include buffer sizes (small, medium, large), scheduling practices (optimistic, neutral, pessimistic) and lot sizes (small, large). The main objective of this empirical effort is to provide contractors with an objective to assist them in choosing the most economical materials management system by recommending buffer sizes, a scheduling practice, and lot sizes under the special conditions of the project at the beginning of the project. The empirical effort is generated considering the specific conditions through five stages: 1. Creating a logical mathematical system for current activities, 2. Determining the independent (inputs) and dependent (outputs) variables of the model, 3. Dynamic empirical effort’s model, 4. Model verification and validation, 5. Experimentation. After finishing these issues, the actual data which obtain from Albaraka Project’s site chief and owners of the companies is entered into the empirical effort. And the TCI (Total Cost of Inventory) are calculated for each alternative. The results are shown that the contractor can save its %27,4 budget while choosing the best option is associated with a small lot size and small buffer size. Finally, the case study shows that a contractor can get profits while implementing lean management on its project. So, the contractor can execute its major target that minimizes the total cost of a project. Therefore, this study is useful since it helps contractors in selecting the most economical curtain wall’s management system by recommending buffer sizes (small, medium, large), a scheduling practice (optimistic, neutral, pessimistic), and lot sizes (small, large) under the special conditions of the project.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/141403