This study proposes two advanced heliostats focus strategies to enhance the collection of the sun rays and thus the efficiency of a concentrating solar tower plant that employs liquid sodium as the HTF. These solutions have been designed after a deep analysis of the optical behaviour of the heliostats. The traditionally employed Slant Range strategy is proved to have lower annual performances with respect to the new ones. Furthermore, the receiver has been specifically designed for each strategy to optimize both its thermal efficiency and the field optical one. Indeed, the annual solar-to-electricity efficiency has a value of 21.35% in the reference Slant Range case, 22.17% for the Slant Range case with an optimized receiver (with a relative gain of 3.84% that proves the validity of the receiver design process adopted in this work), 22.31% for the Mean Strategy with optimized receiver and 22.64% for the Adjusting strategy with optimized receiver. Considering the same cost of the heliostat for all the solution, the reference case has an LCOE of 122.99e/MWh, the optimized Slant Range of 118.57e/MWh, the optimized Mean of 117.76e/MWh and the Adjusting one 116.1e/MWh. Being unrealistic the same cost assumption and lacking the literature about the price for the new strategies, the di.erential investment costs that the new solutions could have to get the same overall performances has been computed: the heliostat of the optimized Mean Strategy could cost 3.74e/m 2 more than the optimized Slant Range case even though there are actually no di.erent technology cost among the two solution; the Adjusting strategy heliostat could cost 11.51e/m 2 more than the optimized Slant Range one; the optimized Slant Range heliostat could cost 20e/m 2 more than the reference one, if the gain given by the new receiver design is accounted in the heliostats costs. The procedure implemented in this work can be fruitfully re-applied to properly design any other solar field.
Questo lavoro propone due strategie avanzate di focus degli eliostati per accrescere il concentramento di energia solare, e quindi l’efficienza di un impianto solare a torre che utilizza li sodio come fluido termovettore. Queste soluzioni sono state progettate dopo un’approfondita analisi del comportamento ottico degli eliostati. La strategia tradizionalmente utilizzata (Slant Range) risulta meno performante rispetto a quelle qui proposte. Inoltre il ricevitore è stato disegnato per ogni strategia di modo da ottimizzare sia l’efficienza termica, che quella ottica del campo. Infatti, l’efficienza solare-elettrico annuale è del 21.35% nel caso di riferimento Slant Range, 22.17% per il caso Slant Range con ricevitore ottimizzato (con un guadagno relativo del 3.85% che quindi convalida il metodo utilizzato per ottimizzare il ricevitore), 22.31% per la strategia Mean con ricevitore ottimizzato e 22.64% per la strategia Adjusting con ricevitore ottimizzato. Considerando lo stesso costo degli eliostati, il caso di riferimento ha un LCOE di 122.99e/MWh, il caso Slant Range ott. 118.57e/MWh, quello Mean ottimizzato 117.76e/MWhe quello ottimizzato Adjusting 116.1e/MWh. L’assunzione sul prezzo degli eliostati è poco realistica e in letteratura non ci sono informazioni a riguardo. Allora è stato calcolato quanto le nuove soluzioni possono costare in più per avere lo stesso rendimento globale: l’eliostato della strategia Mean ottimizzata può costare 3.74e/m 2 più del caso Slant Range ottimizzato, anche se in realtà non c’è nessuna di.erenza nel costo di investimento per le due; l’eliostato della soluzione Adjusting ottimizzata può costare fino a 11.51e/m 2 in più dello Slant Range ott.; lo Slant Range ott. Può costare fino a 20e/m 2 in più del caso di riferimento, se si andasse ad allocare I benefici nel Nuovo design del ricevitore all’eliostato. La procedura implementata in questa tesi può essere applicata con successo per progettare qualsiasi altro campo solare.
Variable curvature heliostats for high performance solar tower receiver with sodium as heat transfer fluid
GUAZZONI, GIACOMO FEDERICO
2017/2018
Abstract
This study proposes two advanced heliostats focus strategies to enhance the collection of the sun rays and thus the efficiency of a concentrating solar tower plant that employs liquid sodium as the HTF. These solutions have been designed after a deep analysis of the optical behaviour of the heliostats. The traditionally employed Slant Range strategy is proved to have lower annual performances with respect to the new ones. Furthermore, the receiver has been specifically designed for each strategy to optimize both its thermal efficiency and the field optical one. Indeed, the annual solar-to-electricity efficiency has a value of 21.35% in the reference Slant Range case, 22.17% for the Slant Range case with an optimized receiver (with a relative gain of 3.84% that proves the validity of the receiver design process adopted in this work), 22.31% for the Mean Strategy with optimized receiver and 22.64% for the Adjusting strategy with optimized receiver. Considering the same cost of the heliostat for all the solution, the reference case has an LCOE of 122.99e/MWh, the optimized Slant Range of 118.57e/MWh, the optimized Mean of 117.76e/MWh and the Adjusting one 116.1e/MWh. Being unrealistic the same cost assumption and lacking the literature about the price for the new strategies, the di.erential investment costs that the new solutions could have to get the same overall performances has been computed: the heliostat of the optimized Mean Strategy could cost 3.74e/m 2 more than the optimized Slant Range case even though there are actually no di.erent technology cost among the two solution; the Adjusting strategy heliostat could cost 11.51e/m 2 more than the optimized Slant Range one; the optimized Slant Range heliostat could cost 20e/m 2 more than the reference one, if the gain given by the new receiver design is accounted in the heliostats costs. The procedure implemented in this work can be fruitfully re-applied to properly design any other solar field.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/141521