Exterior beam-column joints of sub-standard detailed reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures have been proven to be particularly vulnerable to lateral loadings and to have a poor seismic performance. It is thus important that the seismic performance of the joint is properly assessed and, if necessary, the joint is retrofitted using the appropriate technique. In current practice, the behavior of sub-standard joints is studied neglecting the presence of in-situ casted slabs and transverse beams. This is a consequence of the limited knowledge on the topic, as the majority of previous relevant experimental studies was carried out on plane frame subassemblies. The presence of the slab, however, may have a large impact on the response of the connection, on the hierarchy of strength between its members and, if not evaluated accurately, may influence negatively the efficiency of the chosen retrofit solutions. As part of the research work herein presented, tests were performed on two full-scaled exterior beamcolumn joints with slab and transverse beams. Sub-standard reinforcement detailing, typical of structures designed only for gravity loads was adopted, with complete absence of transverse reinforcement in the joint core. The two subassemblies were initially tested under reversed cyclic loading in the as-built state. After the completion of the tests, one specimen was repaired, retrofitted using metallic haunches with post-installed anchors (Fully Fastened Haunch Retrofit Solution - FFHRS) and tested to the same type of loading. For both the as-built specimens, shear was the primal cause of failure and led to limited ductility. However, the connections exhibited an enhanced response compared to previous experimental observations on plane frames with similar properties. The tests provided valuable insight to the influence of the floor slab and the transverse beams in the resistance mechanism of the elements of the connection. The retrofitted with the FFHRS subassembly performed efficiently in the beginning of the test and managed to regain part of its stiffness and load capacity, as the retrofit system secured effectively the initially damaged joint region. However, in the end the application was proven to be unsuccessful, as anchorage failure at both the repaired columns occurred. The experimental observations revealed critical design aspects and limitations of the retrofit solution.
I nodi esterni trave-pilastro di strutture intelaiate in cemento armato non progettati secondo le moderne normative sismiche hanno dimostrato di essere particolarmente vulnerabili nei confronti dei carichi laterali e di avere uno cattivo comportamento sotto azione sismica. È importante quindi, che le prestazioni sismiche del nodo siano adeguatamente valutate e, se necessario, intervenire con una opportuna tecnica di retrofitting. Nella pratica corrente, il comportamento dei nodi non sismici è studiato trascurando la presenza del solaio e delle travi trasversali. Questo è dovuto ad una conoscenza limitata sull'argomento, poichè la maggior parte degli studi sperimentali precedenti è stata condotta su nodi piani. La presenza della soletta tuttavia, può avere un grande impatto sulla risposta del nodo, sulla gerarchia delle resistenza tra i suoi membri e, se non valutato con precisione, può influenzare negativamente l'efficienza delle soluzioni di retrofitting scelte. Parte del lavoro di ricerca presentato riguarda dei test che sono stati eseguiti su due nodi esterni travepilastro a scala reale con soletta e travi trasversali.Sono stati utilizzati dettagli strutturali non sismici, tipici delle strutture progettate solo per carichi gravitazionali, con completa assenza di staffatura nel nodo. I due nodi sono stati inizialmente testati con un carico ciclico nello stato ‘as-built’. Al termine di questo primo test, un campione è stato riparato, rinforzato con squadre metalliche con ancoraggi post-insertiti (“Fully Fastened Retrofit Solution” - FFHRS) e testato per lo stesso tipo di carico. Per entrambi i campioni ‘as-built’, il taglio è stato la causa principale di rottura e quindi, si è riscontrata una duttilità limitata. Tuttavia, i nodi hanno mostrato una risposta migliore rispetto alle precedenti osservazioni sperimentali su telai piani con proprietà simili. I test hanno fornito informazioni preziose sull'influenza della soletta e delle travi trasversali sul meccanismo di resistenza dei nodi. Il nodo rinforzato con FFHRS si è comportato in modo efficiente all'inizio del test ed è riuscito a recuperare parte della sua rigidezza e capacità di carico, in quanto il sistema di retrofit protegge la regione di nodo inizialmente danneggiata. In fine, tuttavia, l'applicazione si è dimostrata non efficace, poiché si è verificata la rottura all’ancoraggio su entrambe le colonne riparate. Le osservazioni sperimentali hanno rivelato criticità di progettazione e limiti della soluzione di retrofit.
Influence of slab on the response of haunch retrofit solutions with post-installed fasteners for exterior reinforced concrete joints
NASIKAS, STERGIOS
2017/2018
Abstract
Exterior beam-column joints of sub-standard detailed reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures have been proven to be particularly vulnerable to lateral loadings and to have a poor seismic performance. It is thus important that the seismic performance of the joint is properly assessed and, if necessary, the joint is retrofitted using the appropriate technique. In current practice, the behavior of sub-standard joints is studied neglecting the presence of in-situ casted slabs and transverse beams. This is a consequence of the limited knowledge on the topic, as the majority of previous relevant experimental studies was carried out on plane frame subassemblies. The presence of the slab, however, may have a large impact on the response of the connection, on the hierarchy of strength between its members and, if not evaluated accurately, may influence negatively the efficiency of the chosen retrofit solutions. As part of the research work herein presented, tests were performed on two full-scaled exterior beamcolumn joints with slab and transverse beams. Sub-standard reinforcement detailing, typical of structures designed only for gravity loads was adopted, with complete absence of transverse reinforcement in the joint core. The two subassemblies were initially tested under reversed cyclic loading in the as-built state. After the completion of the tests, one specimen was repaired, retrofitted using metallic haunches with post-installed anchors (Fully Fastened Haunch Retrofit Solution - FFHRS) and tested to the same type of loading. For both the as-built specimens, shear was the primal cause of failure and led to limited ductility. However, the connections exhibited an enhanced response compared to previous experimental observations on plane frames with similar properties. The tests provided valuable insight to the influence of the floor slab and the transverse beams in the resistance mechanism of the elements of the connection. The retrofitted with the FFHRS subassembly performed efficiently in the beginning of the test and managed to regain part of its stiffness and load capacity, as the retrofit system secured effectively the initially damaged joint region. However, in the end the application was proven to be unsuccessful, as anchorage failure at both the repaired columns occurred. The experimental observations revealed critical design aspects and limitations of the retrofit solution.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/141641