An issue that has emerged with increasing strength in recent years is that of Corporate Social Responsibility ("CSR"), that is, a strategic corporate orientation, whereby ethical, economic and sustainability values are integrated into the operating objectives. Objectives of this thesis work are the analysis of CSR practices; its evolution over time, up to its legal recognition; the identification of the opportunities deriving from the application of the CRS strategies to the companies operating in the Real Estate market ("RE") for the consequent impact on the built environment. In particular, in Italy the issue is also cross-sectionally affected by the establishment of the Benefit Companies, approved in December 2015 together with the validation of the Stability Law, which proposes a company management not only linked to profit, but aims to provide more importance to human capital and the surrounding environment, improving social and territorial impact: therefore, the consumer no longer makes his choices based on the sole cost-benefit ratio of the product or service offered, but favors a producer on the basis of more global criteria that involve ethical aspects or that border the political and moral sphere. At international level, the trend is clearly evident in which the main stakeholders, the international communities and the global market are committed to making choices to belong to this system and the tendency to adopt reward mechanisms for companies or public bodies that make a network for the "creation of shared value” through the production of a benefit for the community and for the environment. Awareness of the principle of social responsibility generates a change in mentality in companies and inspires practices and processes that translate this principle into a real strategic tool, capable of bringing benefits to society and the environment and, at the same time, creating opportunities that make it possible to strengthen the company from a competitive point of view. At the base of the research is the intent to understand if the incentive of CSR, promoted by the European Union since the two thousand years, has either rooted in the territory or has created new economies of scale. To achieve this result, at the methodological level, it was important to start from a historical investigation of the main theories that have accompanied our times and which have allowed the diffusion of shared values. The second part of the research, instead, consists of the analysis of interventions carried out by two different entities that operate in a sui generis manner in the real estate sector in such a way as to be able to deepen the issue and be able to draw thoughts. Through concrete examples of a certified B Corp and a housing cooperative respectively, the problematic elements and strengths of both companies are highlighted with the aim of generating shared value in the reference territory and respectively towards potential stakeholders and end end-users. The paper concludes with the creation of a summary assessment questionnaire, aimed at the specific dimension of companies operating in the real estate sector, whose purpose is to pre-orientate companies to the certification process or to strengthen strategies aimed at social responsibility. of a company. It turned out to be very interesting to address this issue because, although born a few years ago, it is not yet fully known but is succeeding in making more and more progress in various sectors. The need to renew itself in order to develop sound businesses and strengthen the position on the national and international markets emerges as a consequence of a post-modern economic context, often incompatible with sustainable economic growth exacerbated by the esteem of increasingly demanding and conscious consumers. towards ethical and environmental dynamics. In particular, it is believed that the widespread application of this practice in the RE sector can contribute not only to creating shared value within companies and sector networks, but to generate positive impact and externalities directly in the built environment and therefore in the territory. and in the communities of reference.
Un tema che negli ultimi anni è emerso con forza sempre maggiore è quello della Corporate Social Responsibility (“CSR”), ovvero quell’orientamento strategico aziendale per cui valori etici, economici e la sostenibilità vengono integrati negli obiettivi d’esercizio. Obiettivi del presente lavoro di tesi sono l’analisi delle prassi delle CSR; la sua evoluzione nel tempo, fino al suo riconoscimento legale; l’individuazione delle opportunità derivanti dall’applicazione delle strategie di CRS alle aziende operanti nel mercato del Real Estate (“RE”) per il conseguente impatto sull’ambiente costruito. In particolare in Italia l’argomento è interessato in modo trasversale anche dall’istituzione delle Società Benefit, approvate nel dicembre 2015 insieme alla convalida della Legge di Stabilità, la quale propone una gestione d’azienda non legata al solo profitto, ma aspira a conferire più importanza al capitale umano e all’ambiente circostante, migliorando l’impatto sociale e territoriale: il consumatore, dunque, non opera più le sue scelte in base al solo rapporto costo-beneficio del prodotto o del servizio offerto, ma favorisce un produttore in base a dei criteri più globali che implicano aspetti etici o che sconfinano nell’ambito politico e morale. A livello internazionale emerge chiaramente la tendenza che vede i principali stakeholder, le comunità internazionali e il mercato globalizzato impegnati a operare scelte di appartenenza a questo sistema e la tendenza ad adottare meccanismi premianti per le aziende o gli enti pubblici che fanno rete per la “creazione di valore condiviso” (shared value) attraverso la produzione di un beneficio per la collettività e per l’ambiente. La consapevolezza rispetto al principio della responsabilità sociale genera nelle aziende un cambio di mentalità e ispira pratiche e processi che traducono questo principio in un vero e proprio strumento strategico, capace di portare benefici alla società e all’ambiente e, al medesimo tempo, di creare opportunità che permettano di rafforzare l’azienda dal punto di vista competitivo. Alla base della ricerca c’è l’intento di capire se l’incentivo della CSR, promosso dall’Unione Europea a partire dagli anni duemila, si sia nel tempo radicato nel territorio o abbia creato nuove economia di scala. Per raggiungere tale risultato, a livello metodologico, è stato importante partire da una indagine storica delle principali teorie che hanno accompagnato i nostri tempi e che hanno permesso la diffusione dei valori condivisi. La seconda parte della ricerca, invece, è costituita dall’analisi di interventi svolti da due realtà diverse che operano in maniera sui generis nel settore real estate in modo tale da poter approfondire la tematica e da poter trarre riflessioni. Attraverso esempi concreti rispettivamente di una B Corp certificata e di una cooperativa di abitazioni, si mettono in luce gli elementi problematici e i punti di forza di entrambe le società nell’intento di generare valore condiviso nel territorio di riferimento e rispettivamente verso i potenziali stakeholder ed end-user. L’elaborato si conclude con la realizzazione di un questionario sintetico di assessment, mirato alla dimensione specifica delle aziende operanti nel settore real estate, che ha la finalità di pre-orientare le società al processo di certificazione o al rafforzamento di strategie mirate alla responsabilità sociale di impresa. Si è rivelato molto interessante affrontare questa tematica in quanto, seppur nata ormai alcuni anni fa, non è ancora conosciuta a pieno ma sta riuscendo a farsi strada sempre più in vari settori. La necessità di rinnovarsi al fine di sviluppare imprese solide e rafforzare la posizione sui mercati a livello nazionale ed internazionale, emerge come conseguenza di un contesto economico post-moderno, spesso incompatibile con una crescita economica sostenibile aggravata dalla stima di consumatori sempre più esigenti e coscienti verso le dinamiche etiche ed ambientali. In particolare si ritiene che l’applicazione diffusa di questa pratica nel settore RE possa contribuire non solo a creare valore condiviso all’interno delle aziende e delle reti di settore, ma a generare impatto ed esternalità positive direttamente nell’ambiente costruito e dunque nel territorio e nelle comunità di riferimento.
Corporate social responsibility : the B Corp model as a perspective for the real estate sector
MANTOVANI, MARCELLA
2017/2018
Abstract
An issue that has emerged with increasing strength in recent years is that of Corporate Social Responsibility ("CSR"), that is, a strategic corporate orientation, whereby ethical, economic and sustainability values are integrated into the operating objectives. Objectives of this thesis work are the analysis of CSR practices; its evolution over time, up to its legal recognition; the identification of the opportunities deriving from the application of the CRS strategies to the companies operating in the Real Estate market ("RE") for the consequent impact on the built environment. In particular, in Italy the issue is also cross-sectionally affected by the establishment of the Benefit Companies, approved in December 2015 together with the validation of the Stability Law, which proposes a company management not only linked to profit, but aims to provide more importance to human capital and the surrounding environment, improving social and territorial impact: therefore, the consumer no longer makes his choices based on the sole cost-benefit ratio of the product or service offered, but favors a producer on the basis of more global criteria that involve ethical aspects or that border the political and moral sphere. At international level, the trend is clearly evident in which the main stakeholders, the international communities and the global market are committed to making choices to belong to this system and the tendency to adopt reward mechanisms for companies or public bodies that make a network for the "creation of shared value” through the production of a benefit for the community and for the environment. Awareness of the principle of social responsibility generates a change in mentality in companies and inspires practices and processes that translate this principle into a real strategic tool, capable of bringing benefits to society and the environment and, at the same time, creating opportunities that make it possible to strengthen the company from a competitive point of view. At the base of the research is the intent to understand if the incentive of CSR, promoted by the European Union since the two thousand years, has either rooted in the territory or has created new economies of scale. To achieve this result, at the methodological level, it was important to start from a historical investigation of the main theories that have accompanied our times and which have allowed the diffusion of shared values. The second part of the research, instead, consists of the analysis of interventions carried out by two different entities that operate in a sui generis manner in the real estate sector in such a way as to be able to deepen the issue and be able to draw thoughts. Through concrete examples of a certified B Corp and a housing cooperative respectively, the problematic elements and strengths of both companies are highlighted with the aim of generating shared value in the reference territory and respectively towards potential stakeholders and end end-users. The paper concludes with the creation of a summary assessment questionnaire, aimed at the specific dimension of companies operating in the real estate sector, whose purpose is to pre-orientate companies to the certification process or to strengthen strategies aimed at social responsibility. of a company. It turned out to be very interesting to address this issue because, although born a few years ago, it is not yet fully known but is succeeding in making more and more progress in various sectors. The need to renew itself in order to develop sound businesses and strengthen the position on the national and international markets emerges as a consequence of a post-modern economic context, often incompatible with sustainable economic growth exacerbated by the esteem of increasingly demanding and conscious consumers. towards ethical and environmental dynamics. In particular, it is believed that the widespread application of this practice in the RE sector can contribute not only to creating shared value within companies and sector networks, but to generate positive impact and externalities directly in the built environment and therefore in the territory. and in the communities of reference.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/141900