Due to the rapid urbanization process in China, a lot of settlements are constructed as copies of pre-defined schemes rapidly to satisfy the incremental housing demand, given no consideration about residents’ actual living quality. Having recognized this issue, Planning of Shanghai 2040 proposed to improve the quality of public space in settlements, organizing community public activity network. A comfortable environment can make residents willing to stay and have activities, satisfying physical and psychological needs. Since most of public spaces in a settlement are open spaces, how to design the comfortable thermal environment of open space in a settlement will be an important and necessary step for improving the living quality. Through simulating three typical settlements in Shanghai by the means of Envi-met, some basic meteorological parameters like air temperature, relative humidity are gained. At the same time, a program was written in VB.net to visualize the thermal comfort index calculated by the basic parameters above. And then, to analyze the relationship between the space features and thermal comfort, a series of variables were chosen, such as the distance to the nearest building, the perimeter of the space, the total surface of open space to its volume ratio and so on. After analyzing them by regression and correlation, evidence has been gained that in summer the zones near buildings and where buildings occupy more areas produce cooler sensations. While in winter, the zones where the shape of open spaces is bumpier, and where buildings occupy more areas produce warmer sensations. This suggests to designers that more changeable ground floor shape should be taken into consideration, so as to allow for overhead spaces and “bumpy” shapes. And to community managers, this suggests that activities can be arranged near buildings, not only on the basis of psychological considerations like marginal effect, but also of thermal comfort especially in summer. Although the research tries to stick to an objective methodology, there are still some caveats. The main limitation is caused by the evaluation model of thermal comfort, which not takes all the subjective factors like skin heat resistance or clothing conditions into consideration. Besides, it has to be added that the setting of space roughness in Envi-met which cannot be selected as urban environment. In the future, whether the design strategies above could work to encourage people have more outside activities and decrease the need for indoor energy consumption would deserve to be studied further, as well as how to integrate different functions in the inhabited space by an appropriate design of space features.
A causa del rapido processo di urbanizzazione in Cina, molti insediamenti sono stati costruiti rapidamente come copie di modelli predefiniti per soddisfare la crescente domanda di alloggi, senza considerare l'effettiva qualità di vita dei residenti. Dopo aver riconosciuto questo problema, Planning of Shanghai 2040 ha proposto di migliorare la qualità dello spazio pubblico negli insediamenti, organizzando la rete di attività pubbliche della comunità. Un ambiente confortevole può invogliare i residenti disposti a negli spazi aperti svolgere attività, soddisfacendo bisogni fisici e psicologici. Poiché la maggior parte degli spazi pubblici in un insediamento sono spazi aperti, progettare il comfort termico ambientale di uno spazio aperto in un insediamento è un azione importante e necesssaria per migliorarne la qualità della vita. Attraverso la simulazione di tre insediamenti tipici a Shanghai con l'aiuto di Envi-met, si ottengono alcuni parametri meteorologici di base come la temperatura dell'aria e l'umidità relativa. Allo stesso tempo, un programma è stato scritto in VB.net per visualizzare l'indice di comfort termico calcolato dai parametri di base sopra. E poi, per analizzare la relazione tra le caratteristiche dello spazio e il comfort termico, sono state scelte una serie di variabili, come la distanza dall'edificio più vicino, il perimetro dello spazio, la superficie totale dello spazio aperto, il suo rapporto di volume e così via. Dopo l'analisi di SPSS per la regressione e la correlazione lineare multipla, è stato dimostrato che durante l'estate le zone vicine agli edifici e dove gli edifici occupano più aree producono sensazioni più fredde. Mentre in inverno, le zone in cui la forma degli spazi aperti è più scomoda, più vicina agli edifici e dove gli edifici occupano più aree producono sensazioni più calde. Ciò suggerisce ai progettisti che è necessario prendere in considerazione una forma più mutevole del piano terra, in modo da consentire spazi sopraelevati e forme "sconnesse". E ai gestori di comunità, questo suggerisce che le attività possono essere organizzate vicino agli edifici, non solo sulla base di considerazioni psicologiche come l'effetto marginale, ma anche del comfort termico. Sebbene la ricerca tenti di attenersi a una metodologia oggettiva, ci sono ancora alcuni avvertimenti. Il limite principale è causato dal modello di valutazione del comfort termico, che non prende in considerazione tutti i fattori soggettivi come la resistenza al calore della pelle o le condizioni di abbigliamento. Inoltre, si deve aggiungere che l'impostazione della rugosità dello spazio in Envi-met che non può essere selezionata come ambiente urbano. In futuro, se le strategie di progettazione di cui sopra potessero incoraggiare le persone a svolgere più attività esterne e diminuire la necessità di un consumo energetico interno meriterebbero di essere studiate ulteriormente, così come anche integrare le diverse funzioni nello spazio abitativo con una progettazione appropriata dello spazio.
Thermal comfort of open spaces in typical residential neighbourhoods in Shanghai
ZHAO, YAO
2017/2018
Abstract
Due to the rapid urbanization process in China, a lot of settlements are constructed as copies of pre-defined schemes rapidly to satisfy the incremental housing demand, given no consideration about residents’ actual living quality. Having recognized this issue, Planning of Shanghai 2040 proposed to improve the quality of public space in settlements, organizing community public activity network. A comfortable environment can make residents willing to stay and have activities, satisfying physical and psychological needs. Since most of public spaces in a settlement are open spaces, how to design the comfortable thermal environment of open space in a settlement will be an important and necessary step for improving the living quality. Through simulating three typical settlements in Shanghai by the means of Envi-met, some basic meteorological parameters like air temperature, relative humidity are gained. At the same time, a program was written in VB.net to visualize the thermal comfort index calculated by the basic parameters above. And then, to analyze the relationship between the space features and thermal comfort, a series of variables were chosen, such as the distance to the nearest building, the perimeter of the space, the total surface of open space to its volume ratio and so on. After analyzing them by regression and correlation, evidence has been gained that in summer the zones near buildings and where buildings occupy more areas produce cooler sensations. While in winter, the zones where the shape of open spaces is bumpier, and where buildings occupy more areas produce warmer sensations. This suggests to designers that more changeable ground floor shape should be taken into consideration, so as to allow for overhead spaces and “bumpy” shapes. And to community managers, this suggests that activities can be arranged near buildings, not only on the basis of psychological considerations like marginal effect, but also of thermal comfort especially in summer. Although the research tries to stick to an objective methodology, there are still some caveats. The main limitation is caused by the evaluation model of thermal comfort, which not takes all the subjective factors like skin heat resistance or clothing conditions into consideration. Besides, it has to be added that the setting of space roughness in Envi-met which cannot be selected as urban environment. In the future, whether the design strategies above could work to encourage people have more outside activities and decrease the need for indoor energy consumption would deserve to be studied further, as well as how to integrate different functions in the inhabited space by an appropriate design of space features.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/142013