Pianosa, an island in the Tuscany Archipelago, has been a penal colony for hundredforty years. This has shaper it’s territory and history until the last maximum security prisoner has been transfered and the island has become an abandoned and mostly deserted place. During its long history, this flat island has always been an object of interest: from Imperial Rome, to the Repubbliche Marinare, to Napoleon I, to the creation of the first Italian Penal Colony in 1858. Nowaday Pianosa is part of the National Park af the Tuscany Archipelago and its territory is entirly under its ruling, maintainig it mostly inaccessible and under a controlled turism. Today, although the island is becoming more and more turistic, its identity is still very bound to the former penitentiary reality. There is only one resident, the guardian of the catacombs, together with circa thirty prisoners on a work release program, and few agents controlling them from the Porto Azzurro Prison in Elba Island. They are in charge of a small biological garden production and the necessary maintenance of buildings, roads and trails. Some of them are involved with a cooperative and they get to work in the small Milena Hotel and at the restaurant. The first object of my thesis is a study in depht of the history of the island and penal colonies in order to define the reasons that lead to the opening of the first colony on Pianosa and how this one have influenced the opening of new ones. It also focuses on the difference between the concept of penal colony in Italy and in Europe and how these different experiences have evolved and transformed over time, integrating, or not, with the different surrounding realities. The particular situation of Pianosa, an island of uncontaminated nature and of an important historical heritage, makes it today an interesting topic that questions the different possible directions for its future. In fact, the importance of preserving the architectural heritage, and ensuring that this can become a place of memory, is flanked by the will to bring back the life on the island while maintaining the naturalistic profile that makes it so unique. If you look carefully at the past you can understand how, perhaps thanks to its small size, Pianosa has always worked on the basis of a strong sense of community. From the time of Agrippa Postumo, to the early Christians, up to the penal colony the presence of man has always been closely linked to the surrounding territory and dependent on it. The presence of a more or less stable population, over the centuries has left a strong mark on the whole territory, and it is precisely on this link that we should promote a future for Pianosa. On this basis is founded an idea of a project that tends to unite the current identity of Pianosa and its history with the present desire to reactivate a place so fascinating and that, for a long time, remained inaccessible to a free population. The project proposal of this thesis develops on three different scales. The first, the one on a larger scale, comes from a careful analysis of the scenario of the former penal colonies and focuses on the identification of other similar realities, such as the Asinara and Santo Stefano, to try to create, on a national level, a network of cultural activities and museum itineraries in order to give more value and recognition to these places of memory that attract an increasingly growing world tourism. The second one is the one on the island’s scale, which sees the proposal of a new master plan that addresses the “renaissance” of Pianosa under different aspects: from the architectural to the tourism to the naturalistic one. This phase involves cooperation between public and private bodies and the inclusion of the island’s activities and the recovery of architectural assets within a program in which all the different aspects coexist in the creation of a single Pianosa “brand”. The search for solutions such as the “Villaggio Diffuso”, to face the critical situation of the abandoned village, or the creation of a Slow Food reality and a tourism also aimed at food and wine are part of the process. Finally, the third scale of intervention, presents a study of the actual state of the accessible areas with a mapping of the buildings, their history, their state of conservation and proposals for compatible functions and methods of project intervention. As a conclusion of this work of analysis the thesis develops then in the recovery of the abandoned building of the Direzione and the creation of a new artistic cellar in which there were the historic cellars of Pianosa, once the center of the production of the agricultural colony. From this study of Pianosa it can be imagined that the future of the island is closely linked to the union between a future semistabile community with a less contingent tourism, and its territory. This thesis project aims to find a fair compromise between their development and their protection.
L’ isola di Pianosa, per centoquarant’anni, ha ospitato una colonia penale che ne ha segnato la storia e la fisionomia fino alla sua chiusura nel 1998, quando fu trasferito l’ultimo detenuto di massima sicurezza e l’isola è rimasta per lo più disabitata e le sue strutture in stato di abbandono. Nella sua lunga storia, questa piccola isola, ha sempre suscitato interesse: dai tempi antichi della Roma imperiale, alle Repubbliche Marinare, a Napoleone I, fino ad arrivare all’istituzione della prima Colonia Penale Agricola Italiana nel 1858. Attualmente Pianosa fa parte del Parco Nazionale dell’Arcipelago Toscano ed è interamente compresa nel piano del parco, che la mantiene per lo più inaccessibile e ne controlla il turismo insieme ad altri enti. Oggi, benché l’isola stia diventato sempre più turistica, la sua identità è ancora in parte legata a quella penitenziaria. Infatti, vi è un solo residente stabile custode delle catacombe, insieme a una trentina di detenuti in semilibertà che, sorvegliati da pochi agenti del carcere di Porto Azzurro (Isola d’Elba), si occupano di tenere alcuni orti, per una piccola produzione biologica, e della manutenzione necessaria di edifici, strade e sentieri. Alcuni di loro, grazie al lavoro di una cooperativa, sono impiegati anche nel piccolo albergo Milena e nel ristorante. La mia tesi, come primo punto, si propone uno studio approfondito della storia dell’isola e delle colonie penali in modo da poter definire le ragioni che hanno portato all’apertura della prima colonia penale italiana a Pianosa e come questa abbia influito sulla nascita di altre colonie simili. Si concentra inoltre sulla differenza tra il concetto di colonia penale in Italia e in Europa e come queste differenti esperienze si siano evolute e trasformate nel tempo, integrandosi, o meno, con le diverse realtà circostanti. La particolare situazione di Pianosa, isola dalla natura incontaminata e dall’ importante patrimonio storico, ne fa oggi un interessante argomento che mette in discussione le diverse direzioni possibili per il suo futuro. Infatti l’importanza di preservare il patrimonio architettonico, e far si che questo possa diventare un luogo della memoria, si affianca alla volontà di riportare la vita sull’isola mantenendone il profilo naturalistico che la rende così unica. Se si guarda attentamente al passato si può capire come, forse anche grazie alle sue piccole dimensioni, Pianosa abbia sempre funzionato sulla base di un forte senso di comunità. Dai tempi di Agrippa Postumo, ai primi Cristiani, fino ad arrivare alla colonia penale la presenza dell’uomo è sempre stata strettamente legata al territorio circostante e dipendente da esso. La presenza di una popolazione più o meno stabile, nel corso dei secoli ha lasciato un segno forte su tutto il territorio, ed è proprio su questo legame che bisognerebbe promuovere un futuro per Pianosa. Su queste basi si fonda un’idea di progetto che tende a unire l’attuale identità di Pianosa e la sua storia con il presente desiderio di riattivare un luogo così affascinante e che, per molto tempo, è rimasto inaccessibile a una popolazione libera. La proposta progettuale di questa tesi si sviluppa su tre scale differenti. La prima, quella a una scala più grande, deriva da un’analisi attenta dello scenario delle ex colonie penali e si concentra sull’identificazione di altre realtà simili, come ad esempio l’Asinara e Santo Stefano, per cercare di creare, a livello nazionale, un network di attività culturali e percorsi museali allo scopo di dare più valore e riconoscimento a questi luoghi della memoria che attraggono un turismo mondiale sempre più crescente. La seconda invece è quella alla scala dell’Isola che vede la proposta di un nuovo masterplan che affronti la “rinascita” di Pianosa sotto diversi aspetti: da quello architettonico a quello turistico a quello naturalistico. Questa fase prevede una cooperazione tra enti pubblici e privati e l’inserimento delle attività dell’isola e del recupero dei beni architettonici all’interno di un programma in cui tutti i diversi aspetti coesistano nella creazione di un unico “brand” Pianosa. La ricerca di soluzioni come il Villaggio Diffuso, per affrontare la critica situazione del borgo abbandonato, o la creazione di una realtà Slow Food e un turismo anche rivolto all’enogastronomia sono parte del processo. Infine, la terza scala di intervento, presenta uno studio dello stato di fatto delle aree accessibili con una mappatura degli edifici, della loro storia, del loro stato di conservazione e proposte di funzioni compatibili e modalità di intervento progettuali. Come conclusione di questo lavoro di analisi la tesi si sviluppa poi nel recupero dell’edificio abbandonato della Direzione e la creazione di una nuova cantina artistica in quelle che erano le storiche cantine di Pianosa, un tempo al centro della produzione della colonia agricola. Da questo studio di Pianosa si può immaginare che il futuro dell’isola sia strettamente legato all’unione tra una futura comunità semistabile con un turismo meno contingentato, e il suo territorio. Questo progetto di tesi si pone come obiettivo di trovare un giusto compromesso tra il loro sviluppo, e la loro protezione.
I muri di Pianosa. Progetto di conservazione e valorizzazione di un patrimonio difficile
LIRONI, MARTA
2017/2018
Abstract
Pianosa, an island in the Tuscany Archipelago, has been a penal colony for hundredforty years. This has shaper it’s territory and history until the last maximum security prisoner has been transfered and the island has become an abandoned and mostly deserted place. During its long history, this flat island has always been an object of interest: from Imperial Rome, to the Repubbliche Marinare, to Napoleon I, to the creation of the first Italian Penal Colony in 1858. Nowaday Pianosa is part of the National Park af the Tuscany Archipelago and its territory is entirly under its ruling, maintainig it mostly inaccessible and under a controlled turism. Today, although the island is becoming more and more turistic, its identity is still very bound to the former penitentiary reality. There is only one resident, the guardian of the catacombs, together with circa thirty prisoners on a work release program, and few agents controlling them from the Porto Azzurro Prison in Elba Island. They are in charge of a small biological garden production and the necessary maintenance of buildings, roads and trails. Some of them are involved with a cooperative and they get to work in the small Milena Hotel and at the restaurant. The first object of my thesis is a study in depht of the history of the island and penal colonies in order to define the reasons that lead to the opening of the first colony on Pianosa and how this one have influenced the opening of new ones. It also focuses on the difference between the concept of penal colony in Italy and in Europe and how these different experiences have evolved and transformed over time, integrating, or not, with the different surrounding realities. The particular situation of Pianosa, an island of uncontaminated nature and of an important historical heritage, makes it today an interesting topic that questions the different possible directions for its future. In fact, the importance of preserving the architectural heritage, and ensuring that this can become a place of memory, is flanked by the will to bring back the life on the island while maintaining the naturalistic profile that makes it so unique. If you look carefully at the past you can understand how, perhaps thanks to its small size, Pianosa has always worked on the basis of a strong sense of community. From the time of Agrippa Postumo, to the early Christians, up to the penal colony the presence of man has always been closely linked to the surrounding territory and dependent on it. The presence of a more or less stable population, over the centuries has left a strong mark on the whole territory, and it is precisely on this link that we should promote a future for Pianosa. On this basis is founded an idea of a project that tends to unite the current identity of Pianosa and its history with the present desire to reactivate a place so fascinating and that, for a long time, remained inaccessible to a free population. The project proposal of this thesis develops on three different scales. The first, the one on a larger scale, comes from a careful analysis of the scenario of the former penal colonies and focuses on the identification of other similar realities, such as the Asinara and Santo Stefano, to try to create, on a national level, a network of cultural activities and museum itineraries in order to give more value and recognition to these places of memory that attract an increasingly growing world tourism. The second one is the one on the island’s scale, which sees the proposal of a new master plan that addresses the “renaissance” of Pianosa under different aspects: from the architectural to the tourism to the naturalistic one. This phase involves cooperation between public and private bodies and the inclusion of the island’s activities and the recovery of architectural assets within a program in which all the different aspects coexist in the creation of a single Pianosa “brand”. The search for solutions such as the “Villaggio Diffuso”, to face the critical situation of the abandoned village, or the creation of a Slow Food reality and a tourism also aimed at food and wine are part of the process. Finally, the third scale of intervention, presents a study of the actual state of the accessible areas with a mapping of the buildings, their history, their state of conservation and proposals for compatible functions and methods of project intervention. As a conclusion of this work of analysis the thesis develops then in the recovery of the abandoned building of the Direzione and the creation of a new artistic cellar in which there were the historic cellars of Pianosa, once the center of the production of the agricultural colony. From this study of Pianosa it can be imagined that the future of the island is closely linked to the union between a future semistabile community with a less contingent tourism, and its territory. This thesis project aims to find a fair compromise between their development and their protection.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2018_07_lironi_01.pdf
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Descrizione: testo della tesi
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38.29 MB
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2018_07_lironi_02.pdf
solo utenti autorizzati dal 14/07/2019
Descrizione: tavole di progetto 1-7
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15.78 MB
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Adobe PDF
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15.78 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/142039