Power plant operators need to know the stack gas flow rate in order to calculate the mass release of pollutant emissions for inventory reporting purposes and also for compliance reporting in certain circumstances. This can be done by Continuous Emission Monitoring (CEM) devices. The scope of this thesis is to present an overview of some of the metering technologies applicable for industrial flue gas flow, with a special focus on those typically used at the stacks of power plants. Two flow meter technologies (multi-Pitot tube systems and ultrasonic flow meters) are selected, in depth analysed with an attempt to figure out their achieved performances and limitations, backing up with relevant literature. The role of calibration standards is also highlighted, as well as their design to increase accuracy. Finally, some conclusions are drawn by comparing the factors limiting the performance of multi-Pitot and ultrasonic systems.
Gli operatori delle centrali di potenza devono conoscere la portata dei fumi al camino per calcolare i flussi di massa di specie inquinanti, sia ai fini della normale reportistica, sia per soddisfare le prescrizioni imposte in determinate circostanze. Ciò è normalmente fatto mediante i sistemi SME (Sistema di Monitoraggio delle Emissioni o, in Inglese, CEM - Continuous Emission Monitoring). L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di presentare una panoramica delle tecnologie di misurazione della portata fumi e si concentra, in particolare, su quelle tipicamente usate sui camini degli impianti di potenza. Due tecnologie di misura della portata (sistemi multi-Pitot e a ultrasuoni) sono selezionati, dettagliatamente analizzati con un tentativo di comprendere le loro prestazioni e limitazioni, sulla base della letteratura pertinente. Il ruolo degli standard di calibrazione è pure evidenziato, così come il loro progetto per aumentarne l’accuratezza. Infine, alcune conclusioni sono delineate confrontando i fattori che limitano le prestazioni dei sistemi multi-Pitot e a ultrasuoni.
Survey of methods for measurement of flue gas flowrate at the stack of industrial plants with a special focus on Multi-pitot and Ultrasonic systems
PIDATHALA SEKAR, GANESH
2017/2018
Abstract
Power plant operators need to know the stack gas flow rate in order to calculate the mass release of pollutant emissions for inventory reporting purposes and also for compliance reporting in certain circumstances. This can be done by Continuous Emission Monitoring (CEM) devices. The scope of this thesis is to present an overview of some of the metering technologies applicable for industrial flue gas flow, with a special focus on those typically used at the stacks of power plants. Two flow meter technologies (multi-Pitot tube systems and ultrasonic flow meters) are selected, in depth analysed with an attempt to figure out their achieved performances and limitations, backing up with relevant literature. The role of calibration standards is also highlighted, as well as their design to increase accuracy. Finally, some conclusions are drawn by comparing the factors limiting the performance of multi-Pitot and ultrasonic systems.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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July_2018_Sekar_Ganesh.pdf
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Descrizione: Thesis Report
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/142083