During flight, helicopters are subjected to vibrations coming from different sources. One of the main source of these vibrations are the forces acting on the blades, which are transmitted via the hub to the mast and finally to the fuselage. It is really important to find a way to limit them, otherwise a lot of problems take place: first of all, if they are wide enough and come close to the resonance frequency, problems related to dynamic instability can arise, moreover fatigue phenomena are enhanced by their amplitude, possibly leading to early failure, lastly the comfort of the helicopter itself is affected by the presence of significative vibrations, because of the high level of noise inside the vehicle. There are two main kind of vibration absorbers, they are: the passive vibration absorber, which is not able to modify its parameters during the operations and the active vibration absorber, which, thanks to a control system, is able to modify the parameters of the system in every moment, optimizing its performances at the actual operating conditions. Another classification is based on the position of the vibration absorber, it can be placed directly on the rotor, that is the source of vibration, on the fuselage, or at the interface between the main gear box and the fuselage. This thesis is part of the design of an Active Mast Vibration Absorber, whose scope is to counteract the forces coming from the detected vibrations by means of counter rotating masses at proper frequencies, generating centrifugal forces. In particular it will be discussed the gear box able to transmit the movement to these masses from the mast, while the relative position, affecting the magnitude of the resultant force, is regulated by electric motors, part of the mechatronic system not analyzed here. The objective of this thesis is the design and verification of the gear box itself realizing the link between the mast of the helicopter and the vibration absorber itself. After a preliminary dimensioning of the system, based on analytical calculations and kinematical-geometrical constraints, a finite element analysis of the whole gear box, subjected to the external loads, will be performed, in order to assess the preliminary design of the system and define possible future improvements.
Durante il volo, gli elicotteri sono soggetti a vibrazioni derivanti da diverse cause. Una delle principali è rappresentata dalle forze che agiscono sulle pale, le quali vengono trasmesse al mast, attraverso il mozzo, ed infine alla fusoliera. Cercare un modo per limitare queste vibrazioni risulta davvero molto importante, altrimenti diversi problemi possono aver luogo: primo, se esse risultano abbastanza ampie e vicine alla frequenza di risonanza, possono sorgere problemi legati all’instabilità dinamica, inoltre la loro ampiezza può promuovere fenomeni di fatica, che possono portare a rotture premature, infine il comfort stesso a bordo del velivolo risulta inficiato dalla presenza di queste vibrazioni, a causa dell’alto livello di rumore all’interno del mezzo. Ci sono due grandi categorie di smorzatori di vibrazioni: lo smorzatore passivo, i cui parametri non sono modificabili durante le operazioni e lo smorzatore attivo, il quale, grazie ad un sistema di controllo, può modificare i parametri in ogni momento, ottimizzando le sue performance alle attuali condizioni operative. Un’altra classificazione è basata sulla posizione dello smorzatore, esso può infatti essere posizionato direttamente sul rotore, che coincide con la fonte di vibrazioni, sulla fusoliera, o all’interfaccia tra la trasmissione principale e la fusoliera. Questa tesi è parte della progettazione di uno smorzatore attivo applicato al mast, il cui scopo è bilanciare le forze che derivano dalle vibrazioni misurate, grazie a delle masse contro-rotanti ad opportune frequenze, le quali, a loro volta, generano delle forze centrifughe. In particolare sarà studiata la trasmissione capace di trasmettere il movimento dal mast a queste masse, mentre la posizione relativa tra di esse, che determina il modulo della forza risultante, è regolata attraverso motori elettrici, parte del sistema meccatronico non analizzato in questa sede. L’obbiettivo della tesi è la progettazione e verifica della trasmissione stessa, che realizza il collegamento tra il mast dell’elicottero e lo smorzatore di vibrazioni. Dopo un dimensionamento preliminare del sistema, basato su calcoli analitici e vincoli di natura geometrica-cinematica, viene eseguita un’analisi agli elementi finiti dell’intera trasmissione soggetta ai carichi esterni, così da verificare la progettazione preliminare del sistema e definire possibili miglioramenti futuri.
Preliminary design of the gear box of an active mast vibration absorber
ROMANO, DAVID
2017/2018
Abstract
During flight, helicopters are subjected to vibrations coming from different sources. One of the main source of these vibrations are the forces acting on the blades, which are transmitted via the hub to the mast and finally to the fuselage. It is really important to find a way to limit them, otherwise a lot of problems take place: first of all, if they are wide enough and come close to the resonance frequency, problems related to dynamic instability can arise, moreover fatigue phenomena are enhanced by their amplitude, possibly leading to early failure, lastly the comfort of the helicopter itself is affected by the presence of significative vibrations, because of the high level of noise inside the vehicle. There are two main kind of vibration absorbers, they are: the passive vibration absorber, which is not able to modify its parameters during the operations and the active vibration absorber, which, thanks to a control system, is able to modify the parameters of the system in every moment, optimizing its performances at the actual operating conditions. Another classification is based on the position of the vibration absorber, it can be placed directly on the rotor, that is the source of vibration, on the fuselage, or at the interface between the main gear box and the fuselage. This thesis is part of the design of an Active Mast Vibration Absorber, whose scope is to counteract the forces coming from the detected vibrations by means of counter rotating masses at proper frequencies, generating centrifugal forces. In particular it will be discussed the gear box able to transmit the movement to these masses from the mast, while the relative position, affecting the magnitude of the resultant force, is regulated by electric motors, part of the mechatronic system not analyzed here. The objective of this thesis is the design and verification of the gear box itself realizing the link between the mast of the helicopter and the vibration absorber itself. After a preliminary dimensioning of the system, based on analytical calculations and kinematical-geometrical constraints, a finite element analysis of the whole gear box, subjected to the external loads, will be performed, in order to assess the preliminary design of the system and define possible future improvements.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Preliminary Design of the gear box for an Active Mast Vibration Absorber
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/142352