The intention of this research is to analyze and compare the architectural production that developed during the main european dictatorships be-tween the 1920s and 1950s, specifically during the Fascism of Mussolini in Italy, the Hitler's Nazism in Germany and, as far as Russia is concerned, the dictatorship of Stalin following the communist revolution spearheaded by Lenin. The theme of the relationship between the buildings and the urban plans realized during this period is much debated in the various histori-ographies and magazines. It is necessary to underline how the architectural production is one of the propaganda means used by all the dictators con-sidered and it is not surprising in fact that a very high number of projects have been realized. The magazine "Architettura" of the August of 1941 , for example, writes "In Twenty years of Fascism the architectural produc-tion has been enormous. In Italy it was built as no other people in the same period have even remotely thought to do." Despite this, some projects, be-ing large, remained on paper or were only partially realized. Through the drafting of this thesis it will be possible to seize some focal points that bind these projects. First it will be possible to understand how they are located along the timeline, then the scale of the project and whether it is a single building or is inserted into a complex of buildings. It will be analyzed if the project was made or remained on paper. A relevant issue is also to incor-porate these projects into the architectural currents of the time: the latter theme is the most debated, in fact it is not often so clear to understand what style a building can refer to. The aim is therefore also to grasp the main trend towards which the architecture in question is addressed, having as a basis the opinions of historiographers and some articles that have been published in magazines. It will be possible to highlight some more direct links between certain architectures consid-ered as "main" because, for example, more published, and to understand the relationships between them.
L’intenzione di questa ricerca è quella di analizzare e comparare la produ-zione architettonica che si è sviluppata durante le principali dittature euro-pee tra gli anni Venti e Cinquanta del Novecento, nello specifico durante il Fascismo di Mussolini in Italia, il Nazismo di Hitler in Germania e, per quanto riguarda la Russia, la dittatura di Stalin a seguito della rivoluzione comunista capeggiata da Lenin. Il tema del rapporto che intercorre tra gli edifici e i piani urbanistici realizzati in questo periodo è molto dibattuto nelle varie storiografie e riviste. È necessario sottolineare come la produ-zione architettonica sia uno dei mezzi propagandistici utilizzati da tutti i dit-tatori presi in considerazione e non sorprende infatti che si sia realizzato un elevatissimo numero di progetti. La rivista “Architettura” dell’agosto 1941 , ad esempio, scrive “In venti anni di Fascismo la produzione architet-tonica è stata enorme. In Italia si è costruito quanto nessun altro popolo nello stesso periodo ha neanche lontanamente pensato di fare.” Nonostan-te ciò alcuni progetti, essendo di vaste dimensioni, sono rimasti sulla carta o sono stati realizzati solo in parte. Attraverso la stesura di questo elabora-to di tesi sarà possibile cogliere alcuni punti focali che legano questi pro-getti. In primo luogo sarà possibile capire come sono dislocati lungo la li-nea temporale, successivamente la scala del progetto e se esso è un singo-lo edificio o è inserito in un complesso di edifici. Verrà dunque analizzato se il progetto è stato realizzato o è rimasto sulla carta. Una questione rile-vante è inoltre inserire tali progetti nelle correnti architettoniche del tem-po: quest’ultimo tema è il più dibattuto, spesso infatti non è così chiaro ca-pire a quale stile possa riferirsi un edificio. Il fine è perciò anche quello di cogliere la tendenza principale verso cui l’architettura in questione si rivolge, avendo come basi i pareri degli storiografi e di alcuni articoli che sono stati pubblicati nelle riviste. Sarà possibile mettere in evidenza alcuni collegamenti più diretti tra determina-te architetture considerate “principali” in quanto, ad esempio, più pubbli-cate, e cogliere le relazioni che intercorrono fra di esse.
Architecture of totalitarian regimes. USSR, Italy, Germany : collaboration, competition, distance
CIAMPOLINI, FRANCESCO
2017/2018
Abstract
The intention of this research is to analyze and compare the architectural production that developed during the main european dictatorships be-tween the 1920s and 1950s, specifically during the Fascism of Mussolini in Italy, the Hitler's Nazism in Germany and, as far as Russia is concerned, the dictatorship of Stalin following the communist revolution spearheaded by Lenin. The theme of the relationship between the buildings and the urban plans realized during this period is much debated in the various histori-ographies and magazines. It is necessary to underline how the architectural production is one of the propaganda means used by all the dictators con-sidered and it is not surprising in fact that a very high number of projects have been realized. The magazine "Architettura" of the August of 1941 , for example, writes "In Twenty years of Fascism the architectural produc-tion has been enormous. In Italy it was built as no other people in the same period have even remotely thought to do." Despite this, some projects, be-ing large, remained on paper or were only partially realized. Through the drafting of this thesis it will be possible to seize some focal points that bind these projects. First it will be possible to understand how they are located along the timeline, then the scale of the project and whether it is a single building or is inserted into a complex of buildings. It will be analyzed if the project was made or remained on paper. A relevant issue is also to incor-porate these projects into the architectural currents of the time: the latter theme is the most debated, in fact it is not often so clear to understand what style a building can refer to. The aim is therefore also to grasp the main trend towards which the architecture in question is addressed, having as a basis the opinions of historiographers and some articles that have been published in magazines. It will be possible to highlight some more direct links between certain architectures consid-ered as "main" because, for example, more published, and to understand the relationships between them.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2018_07_Ciampolini_01.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della tesi
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23.61 MB
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23.61 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
2018_07_Ciampolini_02.pdf
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Descrizione: Tavola cronologica
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7.99 MB
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7.99 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/142353