The growing electricity consumptions coupled with environmental and energy security issues, have stressed the need to produce electricity in a diversified and more sustainable way. Many nations have experienced a fundamental transformation in terms of electricity generation mix: switching from fossil fuel-based to a Carbon free energy production by the increased exploitation of VRES. Their integration, due to the intermittent and unpredictable nature, requires flexible power generation units in order to counterbalance the fluctuations of these sources and maintain the energy system in balance. This required flexibility is usually provided by cycling (transient operations) of fossil fuel power plants, that involves additional costs and emissions: these power units are required to work longer at partial load and to be started-up or shut-down more frequently. A better understanding of short-term operational implications can help policymakers to identify appropriate options that can enhance the flexibility of an energy system and reduce the environmental impact. A very useful tool is energy modeling that allows, through mathematical equations, to simulate and optimize actual or future configurations of energy systems. Usually, in order to reduce the computational time, transient operations of fossil fuel power plants are not modeled, however, these events are very relevant in energy systems with high penetration of VRES and their impact should be analyzed more in detail. The scope of this thesis work, achieved in collaboration with EURAC Research, is to develop a model that performs a time-dependent analysis of fossil fuel power plants transient operations in order to have a more realistic representation of an energy system. These time-dependent transient analysis is performed enhancing Oemof model and leads to the creation of the denominated Oemof _Transient, a Bottom-up multi-node model that performs the optimization of the dispatch of electricity based on costs, considering also the transient operations of fossil fuel power plants that have been modeled through the implementation of new constraints (time-dependent start-up costs, time-dependent ramp constraints and time-dependent decay of efficiency at partial load). The model has been applied to the Italian energy system, considering the configurations in 2014 and possible future scenarios with higher VRES installed capacity.
I crescenti consumi elettrici, insieme a problemi di impatto ambientale e sicurezza energetica, hanno portato alla produzione di energia elettrica in modo diversificato e più sostenibile. In molti stati si sono verificati cambiamenti nel mix energetico: passando da una produzione di energia elettrica basata sui combustibili fossili ad una priva di emissioni di carbonio, grazie al maggiore sfruttamento di Fonti di Energia Rinnovabile Variabile (FERV ). A causa della natura intermittente e imprevedibile, queste fonti richiedono flessibilità nella generazione di elettricità al fine di controbilanciare le loro fluttuazioni e mantenere il sistema energetico in equilibrio. Questa flessibilità è solitamente fornita dal cycling (transitori) degli impianti fossili, che comporta emissioni e costi aggiuntivi: questi impianti sono spinti a lavorare più a lungo ai carichi parziali e vengono accesi e spenti più frequentemente. Una migliore comprensione delle implicazioni operative a breve termine può aiutare le amministrazioni a individuare soluzioni che possano migliorare la flessibilità e ridurre l’impatto ambientale. Uno strumento molto utile è la modellazione di sistemi energetici che consente, tramite equazioni matematiche, di simulare e ottimizzare configurazioni attuali o future. Generalmente, al fine di ridurre i tempi di calcolo, i transitori degli impianti fossili non vengono modellati; tuttavia queste operazioni sono molto rilevanti in sistemi energetici ad alta penetrazione di VRES e il loro impatto dovrebbe essere analizzato più in dettaglio. Lo scopo di questa tesi, realizzata in collaborazione con EURAC Research, è di sviluppare un modello che performi un’analisi tempo-dipendente dei transitori degli impianti fossili per avere una rappresentazione più realistica di un sistema energetico. Quest’analisi è stata realizzata migliorando il modello esistente Oemof e porta alla creazione di Oemof _Transient: è un modello Bottom -up e multi-nodo che ottimizza il dispacciamento dell’elettricità sulla base dei costi, considerando anche i transitori degli impianti fossili che sono stati modellati attraverso l’implementazione di nuovi vincoli (costi di accensione tempo-dipendenti, vincoli di rampa tempodipendenti e decadimento dell’efficienza ai carichi parziali). Il modello è stato applicato al sistema energetico Italiano, considerando la configurazione reale e possibili scenari futuri con valori di capacità installata di VRES più elevati.
Time-dependent analysis of fossil fuel power plants transient operations in energy system modeling
MEMOLI, MARCO
2017/2018
Abstract
The growing electricity consumptions coupled with environmental and energy security issues, have stressed the need to produce electricity in a diversified and more sustainable way. Many nations have experienced a fundamental transformation in terms of electricity generation mix: switching from fossil fuel-based to a Carbon free energy production by the increased exploitation of VRES. Their integration, due to the intermittent and unpredictable nature, requires flexible power generation units in order to counterbalance the fluctuations of these sources and maintain the energy system in balance. This required flexibility is usually provided by cycling (transient operations) of fossil fuel power plants, that involves additional costs and emissions: these power units are required to work longer at partial load and to be started-up or shut-down more frequently. A better understanding of short-term operational implications can help policymakers to identify appropriate options that can enhance the flexibility of an energy system and reduce the environmental impact. A very useful tool is energy modeling that allows, through mathematical equations, to simulate and optimize actual or future configurations of energy systems. Usually, in order to reduce the computational time, transient operations of fossil fuel power plants are not modeled, however, these events are very relevant in energy systems with high penetration of VRES and their impact should be analyzed more in detail. The scope of this thesis work, achieved in collaboration with EURAC Research, is to develop a model that performs a time-dependent analysis of fossil fuel power plants transient operations in order to have a more realistic representation of an energy system. These time-dependent transient analysis is performed enhancing Oemof model and leads to the creation of the denominated Oemof _Transient, a Bottom-up multi-node model that performs the optimization of the dispatch of electricity based on costs, considering also the transient operations of fossil fuel power plants that have been modeled through the implementation of new constraints (time-dependent start-up costs, time-dependent ramp constraints and time-dependent decay of efficiency at partial load). The model has been applied to the Italian energy system, considering the configurations in 2014 and possible future scenarios with higher VRES installed capacity.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/142456