ABSTRACT Research in closed loop supply chain has received a lot of attention in recent times due to the increasing concern about sustainability. Sustainable initiatives are the new norm, as companies are concerned about their impact on the planet. Closed loop supply chain is therefore considered as an innovative way of maximizing the value of resources, with a growing interest in the US as a result of the potential profitability and in the European Union because of legislation. However, with regards to developing countries, little emphasis is placed on closed loop supply chains as the concept is still emerging. Therefore, the ability to widen the scope within developing countries by focusing on materials within their domain is important. Closed loop supply chain not only maximizes the value of resources but also reduces wastes. Waste management is a major concern for most developing countries therefore, initiatives that integrates the reduction of waste by creating sustainable solutions are necessary. Over the years, coconut has seen an increase in demand as all parts of the plant is found to be useful. Thus, the demand for its by-products has increased. However, the consumption of the plant is mainly with the coconut water and the creamy food inside the fruit for the production of by-products or direct consumption by consumers. Therefore, the husks are waste that are normally disposed of or burnt. Research for the potential use of the coconut husk for paper applications proves it to be suitable as a substitute. On the other hand, the pulp and paper industry has faced criticism for the cutting down of trees for making paper products. As a result, industry players have employed practices like: recycling and sustainable forest and a growing trend towards alternative materials for their production, yet the use of coconut husk has received no practical adoption. Partly due to the fact that most of the top players in the industry are found in developed countries and thus the alternative materials considered are within their sphere of contact with negligence on this waste which comes very close in meeting the demand of paper. The research relies on a qualitative case study through the lens of natural resource-based view of a firm to design a closed loop supply chain using coconut husk. With a further consideration of the impact external development of capabilities has on the approach. Using Semi structured interviews, seven participants spanning both industries (pulp and paper industry, coconut industry) were identified with the consideration of location of participants factored in (Europe, Asia and Africa). Sub units were then created to help in analysing similarities and differences within and across both industries, as well as spot trends. A trend towards complete utilization of plants was discovered and thus, the use of coconut husk is not far from reality. In this regard, the external development of capabilities with stakeholders along its supply chain was found to be the fulcrum for closing the loop in the pulp and paper industry using coconut husk. However, challenges with regards to its application are demand and supply as the demand for paper is higher than that of coconut therefore completely replacing the production of paper with that of coconut husk is not enticing. Again, as a tropical fruit, logistics is a genuine concern mainly because the key players in the pulp and paper industry are situated in developed countries. However, it’s interesting how businesses in these developing countries are riding on the coconut husk as a corporate social responsible act (CSR) in addressing some challenges in their surroundings including: filling pot holes and as a substitute for charcoal as a way of integrating sustainability in their businesses. As a result, a conceptual framework for transitioning towards the adoption of coconut husk in the pulp and paper industry was developed, with the proximity to the country of source, internal development and external development of capabilities with partners along the supply chain as very important for a successful closed loop supply chain. Nonetheless, as the production of paper is developed around the usage of wood fibre, it is difficult for incumbents to completely abandon the old way of paper production due to the paradox of success. Therefore, in order not to allow new entrants disrupt the industry through the use of coconut husk , industry players could employ the use of combined fibre (coconut husk and paper fibre) and value chaining the coconut gradually until fully possible to completely depend on the husk as a raw material for future paper products without losing focus on this emerging trend.
ABSTRACT La ricerca nella catena di fornitura a ciclo chiuso ha ricevuto molta attenzione negli ultimi tempi a causa della crescente preoccupazione per la sostenibilità. Le iniziative sostenibili sono la nuova norma, poiché le aziende sono preoccupate per il loro impatto sul pianeta. La catena di fornitura a ciclo chiuso è quindi considerata un modo innovativo per massimizzare il valore delle risorse, con un interesse crescente negli Stati Uniti a causa della potenziale redditività e nell'Unione europea a causa della legislazione. Tuttavia, per quanto riguarda i paesi in via di sviluppo, l'enfasi è posta sulle catene di approvvigionamento a ciclo chiuso poiché il concetto sta ancora emergendo. Pertanto, la capacità di ampliare l'ambito entro i paesi in via di sviluppo concentrandosi sui materiali all'interno del loro dominio è importante. La catena di fornitura a ciclo chiuso non solo massimizza il valore delle risorse ma riduce anche gli sprechi. La gestione dei rifiuti è una delle principali preoccupazioni per la maggior parte dei paesi in via di sviluppo, pertanto sono necessarie iniziative che integrino la riduzione dei rifiuti creando soluzioni sostenibili. Nel corso degli anni, la noce di cocco ha visto un aumento della domanda poiché tutte le parti della pianta sono risultate utili. Pertanto, la domanda per i suoi sottoprodotti è aumentata. Tuttavia, il consumo della pianta è principalmente con l'acqua di cocco e il cibo cremoso all'interno della frutta per la produzione di sottoprodotti o il consumo diretto da parte dei consumatori. Pertanto, i gusci sono rifiuti che vengono normalmente smaltiti o bruciati. La ricerca per l'uso potenziale della noce di cocco per le applicazioni cartacee dimostra che è adatta come sostituto. D'altra parte, l'industria della cellulosa e della carta ha affrontato critiche per l'abbattimento di alberi per la fabbricazione di prodotti di carta. Di conseguenza, gli operatori del settore hanno adottato pratiche come: riciclaggio e foreste sostenibili e una tendenza crescente verso materiali alternativi per la loro produzione, tuttavia l'uso della noce di cocco non ha ricevuto alcuna adozione pratica. In parte a causa del fatto che la maggior parte dei migliori attori del settore si trova nei paesi sviluppati e quindi i materiali alternativi considerati sono nella loro sfera di contatto con negligenza su questi rifiuti che si avvicina molto alla soddisfazione della domanda di carta. La ricerca si basa su un case study qualitativo attraverso la lente della visione basata sulle risorse naturali di un'azienda per progettare una catena di fornitura a ciclo chiuso che utilizza la noce di cocco. Con un'ulteriore considerazione dell'impatto che lo sviluppo esterno delle capacità ha sull'approccio. Utilizzando interviste semi-strutturate, sette partecipanti in entrambe le industrie (industria della carta e della cellulosa, industria della noce di cocco) sono stati identificati considerando la posizione dei partecipanti presi in considerazione in (Europa, Asia e Africa). Sono state quindi create unità secondarie per aiutare ad analizzare le somiglianze e le differenze all'interno e tra i due settori, nonché le tendenze del momento. È stata scoperta una tendenza verso il completo utilizzo delle piante e, quindi, l'uso della noce di cocco non è lontano dalla realtà. A questo proposito, lo sviluppo esterno delle capacità con le parti interessate lungo la sua catena di approvvigionamento è risultato essere il fulcro per la chiusura del ciclo nell'industria della cellulosa e della carta con l'uso della noce di cocco. Tuttavia, le sfide per quanto riguarda la sua applicazione sono la domanda e l'offerta in quanto la domanda di carta è superiore a quella del cocco, pertanto la sostituzione completa della produzione di carta con quella della noce di cocco non è allettante. Ancora una volta, come frutto tropicale, la logistica è una preoccupazione genuina soprattutto perché i principali attori nell'industria della cellulosa e della carta si trovano nei paesi sviluppati. Tuttavia, è interessante il modo in cui le aziende di questi paesi in via di sviluppo stanno cavalcando il guscio di noce di cocco come atto di responsabilità sociale aziendale (CSR) nell'affrontare alcune sfide nel loro ambiente, tra cui: riempire buche e sostituire il carbone come un modo per integrare la sostenibilità in le loro attività. Di conseguenza, è stata sviluppata una struttura concettuale per la transizione verso l'adozione della noce di cocco nell'industria della cellulosa e della carta, con la vicinanza al paese di origine, lo sviluppo interno e lo sviluppo esterno delle capacità con i partner lungo la catena di approvvigionamento come molto importante per una filiera di successo a ciclo chiuso. Tuttavia, poiché la produzione di carta si sviluppa attorno all'uso della fibra di legno, è difficile per gli operatori storici abbandonare completamente il vecchio modo di produzione della carta a causa del paradosso del successo. Pertanto, al fine di non consentire ai nuovi arrivati di interferire con l'industria della fibra di cocco, i produttori del settore potrebbero impiegare l'uso di fibre combinate (gusci di cocco e fibre di carta) e valorizzare la noce di cocco gradualmente fino al completo dipendere completamente dalla buccia come materia prima per i futuri prodotti cartacei senza perdere la concentrazione su questa tendenza emergente.
Sustainable sourcing for the pulp and paper industry : exploring closed loop supply chain using coconut husk
APPIAH, LORETTA
Abstract
ABSTRACT Research in closed loop supply chain has received a lot of attention in recent times due to the increasing concern about sustainability. Sustainable initiatives are the new norm, as companies are concerned about their impact on the planet. Closed loop supply chain is therefore considered as an innovative way of maximizing the value of resources, with a growing interest in the US as a result of the potential profitability and in the European Union because of legislation. However, with regards to developing countries, little emphasis is placed on closed loop supply chains as the concept is still emerging. Therefore, the ability to widen the scope within developing countries by focusing on materials within their domain is important. Closed loop supply chain not only maximizes the value of resources but also reduces wastes. Waste management is a major concern for most developing countries therefore, initiatives that integrates the reduction of waste by creating sustainable solutions are necessary. Over the years, coconut has seen an increase in demand as all parts of the plant is found to be useful. Thus, the demand for its by-products has increased. However, the consumption of the plant is mainly with the coconut water and the creamy food inside the fruit for the production of by-products or direct consumption by consumers. Therefore, the husks are waste that are normally disposed of or burnt. Research for the potential use of the coconut husk for paper applications proves it to be suitable as a substitute. On the other hand, the pulp and paper industry has faced criticism for the cutting down of trees for making paper products. As a result, industry players have employed practices like: recycling and sustainable forest and a growing trend towards alternative materials for their production, yet the use of coconut husk has received no practical adoption. Partly due to the fact that most of the top players in the industry are found in developed countries and thus the alternative materials considered are within their sphere of contact with negligence on this waste which comes very close in meeting the demand of paper. The research relies on a qualitative case study through the lens of natural resource-based view of a firm to design a closed loop supply chain using coconut husk. With a further consideration of the impact external development of capabilities has on the approach. Using Semi structured interviews, seven participants spanning both industries (pulp and paper industry, coconut industry) were identified with the consideration of location of participants factored in (Europe, Asia and Africa). Sub units were then created to help in analysing similarities and differences within and across both industries, as well as spot trends. A trend towards complete utilization of plants was discovered and thus, the use of coconut husk is not far from reality. In this regard, the external development of capabilities with stakeholders along its supply chain was found to be the fulcrum for closing the loop in the pulp and paper industry using coconut husk. However, challenges with regards to its application are demand and supply as the demand for paper is higher than that of coconut therefore completely replacing the production of paper with that of coconut husk is not enticing. Again, as a tropical fruit, logistics is a genuine concern mainly because the key players in the pulp and paper industry are situated in developed countries. However, it’s interesting how businesses in these developing countries are riding on the coconut husk as a corporate social responsible act (CSR) in addressing some challenges in their surroundings including: filling pot holes and as a substitute for charcoal as a way of integrating sustainability in their businesses. As a result, a conceptual framework for transitioning towards the adoption of coconut husk in the pulp and paper industry was developed, with the proximity to the country of source, internal development and external development of capabilities with partners along the supply chain as very important for a successful closed loop supply chain. Nonetheless, as the production of paper is developed around the usage of wood fibre, it is difficult for incumbents to completely abandon the old way of paper production due to the paradox of success. Therefore, in order not to allow new entrants disrupt the industry through the use of coconut husk , industry players could employ the use of combined fibre (coconut husk and paper fibre) and value chaining the coconut gradually until fully possible to completely depend on the husk as a raw material for future paper products without losing focus on this emerging trend.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: SUSTAINABLE SOURCING FOR THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY: EXPLORING CLOSED LOOP SUPPLY CHAIN DEVELOPMENT USING COCONUT HUSK
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/142474