In a context of robust growth in resources for a higher quality of the medical treatments on the market develops a greater impact of clinical studies for the patients, ensuring an increase in variety and quality of the medical services offered. The conduct of a clinical trial provides the participation of a clinical staff with different roles and skills, by working together this staff ensures the execution of all the activities needed for its success. Among these one of the most important and, at the same time, critical activity is the monitoring phase. Monitoring in a clinical trial consists of a set of activities that shall provide the supervision of the quality and coherence of the clinical data collected, the check of their adherence with the clinical trial protocol, the identification of any mistake or inconsistency between the data entered in the CRF (Case Report Form) and the medical records of the patients involved in the clinical trial. The monitoring traditionally done during a medical trial (also known as On-Site Monitoring) is based on regular visits from the monitor of the clinical trial to each center involved in the trial; the common approach is to monitor 100% of the collected data, comparing each data in the medical records with the ones in the CRF. This type of monitoring, besides being very expensive (it’s estimated that on average it represents 30% of the medical trial’s cost) has proved to be not very effective in pointing out mistakes, critical issues in the collected data and violations of the clinical protocol. The fact that all the data are checked with the same intensity and method, regardless of other factors like the clinical protocol’s complexity or the stage the trial is at, makes this kind of monitoring slightly effective, as well as expensive and inefficient. From the need to find a better, less expensive and more effective type of monitoring it’s been developing a new monitoring based on the risk analysis of the clinical trial: the Risk Based Monitoring. This new type of monitoring is based on an attentive analysis about the risks and a consideration about all the main risks factors related to the clinical trial. Once the risk analysis has concluded the monitor can decide, on the basis of the risks assessed, which studies and/or centers require more resources (in terms on time and expenses) and which instead need lower monitoring efforts. It has been demonstrated that Risk Based Monitoring allows lower number of monitoring On-Site visits (and then lower costs), more speed and effectiveness to take decisions, easier a priori way to detect risks; these advantages lead to better data consistency as well as allow to increase the clinical trial quality as a whole. Given these considerations and evaluating the increasing in demand for monitoring software based on risk analysis, aim of this project is to provide a smart tool which can assess risk related to a clinical trial; this tool will be built on an algorithm capable to assess the risk related to the study as a whole and also to consider every specific aspects of the trial (e.g type of population involved and complexity of clinical protocol). The algorithm will be able to provide a list of risk scores related to each main aspect of the clinical trial; this risk values will be useful to help monitor in the evaluation about the best way to perform monitoring phase and how much resources are needed to do it. Therefore, main goal of this project is to develop a strong and effective risk analysis algorithm and also implement a user-friendly web interface, able to show in a proper and simple way the main information computed by the algorithm and related to the risk of clinical trial. This project has been carried out in cooperation with Advice Pharma Group, a company which develop technologies to collect data and manage clinical trials. RBM platform was implemented and integrated to ICE (Integrated Clinical Environment), an EDC (Electronic Data Capture) software on-line owned by Advice Pharma and able to collect clinical data, allow eCRF design, manage all the information related to clinical trial. The development end implementation of the project has been done through different programming languages: PHP for back-end development, JavaScript and HTML for front-end development, mySQL for the database interface and CSS for graphic aspects. At the end of the project all the main objectives have been achieved. It has been developed a risk analysis algorithm able to take into account all the main aspects that can lead to the success or to the failure of a clinical trial. Furthermore, it’s been implemented an online platform integrated in the ICE software which allows creation of a new monitoring session, insert of the main information related to the clinical trial, control of accesses, registration of all actions done on the RBM platform, visualization of RBM algorithm results with an intuitive and effective graphic organization. Beside all the results achieved there are also some aspects to improve and to consider as further development; among then the validation phase of the RBM algorithm shall be mentioned, given that it has not been completed yet because of Advice Pharma decision to postpone it to the 2019 Among future development there are also the possible extension of the algorithm to study that involve medical device and the upgrade of the algorithm with additional factors to further improve the risk analysis phase
In un contesto caratterizzato da un crescente impiego di risorse verso una migliore qualità delle cure mediche in commercio nasce il forte impatto che gli studi clinici hanno assunto per i pazienti, garantendo un aumento della varietà e della qualità dei trattamenti medici offerti. La conduzione di uno studio clinico prevede il coinvolgimento di personale clinico con diversi ruoli e competenze che, cooperando insieme, garantisce lo svolgimento di tutte le attività necessarie alla sua buona riuscita; tra queste una delle attività più importanti ed allo stesso tempo ad alto livello di criticità è la fase di monitoraggio. Il monitoraggio in uno studio clinico è costituito da un insieme di attività che prevedono il controllo della qualità e della coerenza dei dati clinici raccolti, la verifica della loro aderenza con il protocollo dello studio clinico, la rilevazione di eventuali errori e incongruenze tra i dati inseriti nelle CRF (Case Report Form) e quelli presenti nella cartella clinica dei pazienti coinvolti nella sperimentazione clinica. Il monitoraggio tradizionalmente svolto durante uno studio clinico (conosciuto anche come On-Site Monitoring) prevede visite periodiche da parte del monitor dello studio clinico ai singoli centri coinvolti nella sperimentazione; l’approccio comune è quello di monitorare il 100% dei dati raccolti, confrontando ogni dato presente nella cartella clinica con i corrispettivi dati inseriti nelle CRF. Questo tipo di monitoraggio, oltre ad essere altamente impattante a livello di costi (si stima che mediamente rappresenti il 30% dei costi complessivi dello studio clinico), si è dimostrato essere poco efficace nell’individuare errori, criticità nei dati raccolti ed eventuali violazioni del protocollo clinico; il fatto che tutti i dati siano controllati con la stessa intensità e procedura, a prescindere da fattori quali ad esempio la complessità del protocollo clinico e la fase nella quale si trova la sperimentazione, fa sì che questa tipologia di monitoraggio sia scarsamente efficiente, oltre che costosa e poco efficace. Dall’esigenza di trovare un miglior metodo di monitoraggio, che garantisca minori costi e maggiore efficienza, nasce un nuovo metodo di monitoraggio basato sull’analisi dei rischi legati allo studio clinico: il Risk Based Monitoring. Questa nuova tipologia di monitoraggio si basa sulla conduzione di un’attenta ed accurata analisi dei rischi che consideri e stimi tutti i principali fattori di rischio relativi alla sperimentazione clinica da condurre; una volta effettuata la fase di analisi dei rischi il monitor ha la possibilità di decidere, sulla base dei risultati ottenuti e dei rischi stimati, quali studi clinici e/o quali centri di sperimentazione richiedano risorse di monitoraggio maggiori (in termini di tempo e costi) e quali invece richiedano sforzi minori. È stato dimostrato che il monitoraggio basato sul rischio permette un minor numero di visite di monitoraggio (garantendo quindi una cospicua riduzione dei costi), maggiore rapidità ed efficacia nel prendere decisioni ed intraprendere eventuali azioni correttive, maggiore facilità nell’individuare a priori i rischi migliorando conseguentemente la qualità dei dati e della sperimentazione clinica nel suo complesso Sulla base di queste considerazioni e della sempre maggiore richiesta di sistemi software di monitoraggio basato sul rischio questo progetto è nato con lo scopo di fornire ai monitor delle sperimentazioni cliniche uno strumento in grado di stimare, sulla base dei risultati di un algoritmo di analisi dei rischi, il livello di rischio correlato ad una determinata sperimentazione clinica; gli indici di rischio calcolati dall’algoritmo, relativi sia allo studio clinico nel suo complesso sia agli aspetti specifici che lo riguardano (e.g. rischio relativo al tipo di popolazione coinvolta nello studio e alla complessità del protocollo clinico), hanno come obiettivo quello di aiutare il monitor nel processo di decisione riguardo quali e quante risorse di monitoraggio dedicare ad ogni studio clinico. Gli obiettivi principali di questo progetto sono stati sia quello di sviluppare un algoritmo di analisi dei rischi efficiente e robusto, in grado di analizzare il rischio connesso ai principali aspetti di una sperimentazione clinica, sia quello di implementare un’interfaccia intuitiva e di facile utilizzo, in grado di trasmettere in maniera chiara ed immediata le informazioni riguardanti il rischio correlato allo studio clinico da monitorare Il progetto è stato svolto in collaborazione con Advice Pharma Group, azienda che sviluppa tecnologie per la gestione di dati in ambito medico-scientifico; la piattaforma software di RBM è stata sviluppata e integrata ad ICE (Integrated Clinical Environment), una piattaforma on-line di proprietà di Advice Pharma in grado di svolgere la funzione di EDC (Electronic Data Capture) per la raccolta di dati clinici, oltre a consentire il disegno di eCRF e la gestione delle informazioni relative allo studio clinico. La progettazione, l’implementazione e lo sviluppo software della piattaforma di RBM è stata svolta tramite programmazione in linguaggio PHP per la parte back-end, JavaScript e HTML per la parte front-end, mySQL per l’interfaccia database, CSS per la cura degli aspetti grafici Al termine del progetto tutti i principali obiettivi sono stati raggiunti. È stato sviluppato ed implementato un algoritmo di analisi dei rischi in grado di analizzare e considerare i principali aspetti che possono determinare la buona riuscita piuttosto che il fallimento di uno studio cinico. È stata inoltre realizzata una piattaforma online, integrata nell’ambiente ICE, che permette la creazione di una nuova sessione di monitoraggio, l’inserimento delle principali informazioni relative allo studio clinico, il controllo degli accessi, la registrazione di tutte le azioni effettuate ed il loro salvataggio in uno storico, la visualizzazione con una grafica semplice ed intuitiva dei risultati forniti dall’algoritmo di analisi dei rischi. A fianco degli obiettivi e dei risultati raggiunti ci sono anche alcuni aspetti da migliorare e da considerare come sviluppi futuri del progetto; tra questi è bene citare innanzitutto la fase di validazione dell’algoritmo che, per ragioni di risorse ed esigenze aziendali, non è stata portata a termine. Tra gli sviluppi futuri ci sono inoltre la possibile estensione dell’algoritmo non solo agli studi clinici farmaceutici ma anche a quelli basati su dispositivi medici e l’ampliamento dell’algoritmo con fattori aggiuntivi in modo da sviluppare e perfezionare ulteriormente la fase di analisi dei rischi.
Sviluppo di un'interfaccia Web per l'analisi dei rischi ed il monitoraggio (risk based monitoring) negli studi clinici
MILANI, DANIELE
2017/2018
Abstract
In a context of robust growth in resources for a higher quality of the medical treatments on the market develops a greater impact of clinical studies for the patients, ensuring an increase in variety and quality of the medical services offered. The conduct of a clinical trial provides the participation of a clinical staff with different roles and skills, by working together this staff ensures the execution of all the activities needed for its success. Among these one of the most important and, at the same time, critical activity is the monitoring phase. Monitoring in a clinical trial consists of a set of activities that shall provide the supervision of the quality and coherence of the clinical data collected, the check of their adherence with the clinical trial protocol, the identification of any mistake or inconsistency between the data entered in the CRF (Case Report Form) and the medical records of the patients involved in the clinical trial. The monitoring traditionally done during a medical trial (also known as On-Site Monitoring) is based on regular visits from the monitor of the clinical trial to each center involved in the trial; the common approach is to monitor 100% of the collected data, comparing each data in the medical records with the ones in the CRF. This type of monitoring, besides being very expensive (it’s estimated that on average it represents 30% of the medical trial’s cost) has proved to be not very effective in pointing out mistakes, critical issues in the collected data and violations of the clinical protocol. The fact that all the data are checked with the same intensity and method, regardless of other factors like the clinical protocol’s complexity or the stage the trial is at, makes this kind of monitoring slightly effective, as well as expensive and inefficient. From the need to find a better, less expensive and more effective type of monitoring it’s been developing a new monitoring based on the risk analysis of the clinical trial: the Risk Based Monitoring. This new type of monitoring is based on an attentive analysis about the risks and a consideration about all the main risks factors related to the clinical trial. Once the risk analysis has concluded the monitor can decide, on the basis of the risks assessed, which studies and/or centers require more resources (in terms on time and expenses) and which instead need lower monitoring efforts. It has been demonstrated that Risk Based Monitoring allows lower number of monitoring On-Site visits (and then lower costs), more speed and effectiveness to take decisions, easier a priori way to detect risks; these advantages lead to better data consistency as well as allow to increase the clinical trial quality as a whole. Given these considerations and evaluating the increasing in demand for monitoring software based on risk analysis, aim of this project is to provide a smart tool which can assess risk related to a clinical trial; this tool will be built on an algorithm capable to assess the risk related to the study as a whole and also to consider every specific aspects of the trial (e.g type of population involved and complexity of clinical protocol). The algorithm will be able to provide a list of risk scores related to each main aspect of the clinical trial; this risk values will be useful to help monitor in the evaluation about the best way to perform monitoring phase and how much resources are needed to do it. Therefore, main goal of this project is to develop a strong and effective risk analysis algorithm and also implement a user-friendly web interface, able to show in a proper and simple way the main information computed by the algorithm and related to the risk of clinical trial. This project has been carried out in cooperation with Advice Pharma Group, a company which develop technologies to collect data and manage clinical trials. RBM platform was implemented and integrated to ICE (Integrated Clinical Environment), an EDC (Electronic Data Capture) software on-line owned by Advice Pharma and able to collect clinical data, allow eCRF design, manage all the information related to clinical trial. The development end implementation of the project has been done through different programming languages: PHP for back-end development, JavaScript and HTML for front-end development, mySQL for the database interface and CSS for graphic aspects. At the end of the project all the main objectives have been achieved. It has been developed a risk analysis algorithm able to take into account all the main aspects that can lead to the success or to the failure of a clinical trial. Furthermore, it’s been implemented an online platform integrated in the ICE software which allows creation of a new monitoring session, insert of the main information related to the clinical trial, control of accesses, registration of all actions done on the RBM platform, visualization of RBM algorithm results with an intuitive and effective graphic organization. Beside all the results achieved there are also some aspects to improve and to consider as further development; among then the validation phase of the RBM algorithm shall be mentioned, given that it has not been completed yet because of Advice Pharma decision to postpone it to the 2019 Among future development there are also the possible extension of the algorithm to study that involve medical device and the upgrade of the algorithm with additional factors to further improve the risk analysis phaseFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/142682