Recently, construction industry has started adopting innovating strategies to obtain higher quality. This objective can be achieved through a sound quality management system. Although the quality management should be applied to all phases of building lifecycle, the main challenge is to control quality during the execution phase since it is strictly associated to the management of a huge amount of data, to be shared with the multiple parties involved, which may result in more defects in complex projects. As any defects in structural elements will cause, in the best scenario of no fatal accidents, severe additional costs and delay, there should be a focus on execution quality control of these elements not only after their completion but also before starting and during activities related to the execution of them. This thesis addresses these issues proposing an approach for quality management of execution of structural elements by integrating BIM (Building Information Modelling) with AR (Augmented Reality) technology. In particular, this approach has been studied on controlling quality of reinforced concrete and steel structures, based on the European standard. The research is divided into two main sections. First section is the study of available literature where the current construction quality management practices is highlighted and study over BIM, AR, previous attempts of integrating them into quality management and parameters that are important to achieve good quality in structural elements has been done. Second section is dedicated to the proposed methodology formulated based on the findings of the first section. A framework has been proposed covering both pillars of quality management (quality assurance (QA) quality control (QC)). QC is divided into three phases (before, during and after execution) and into three different categories (material, process and geometry). As IFC data format is chosen to be used as the format to exchange the data, new quality entities have been defined to establish the relation between the quality related information and 4D BIM model. Then a quality system was developed on asp.net framework using C# language. Using the capability of BIM to support information structuring and exchange through the centralization of information, a web-based checklist was developed and its link to AR has been established where AR has been proposed as a mechanism to enhance the process of information extraction from building information models to maximize the potentials of BIM in construction site, and eventually becomes a digital toolkit for engineers with different responsibilities on site. In this way, people involved in construction process can better manage and accumulate useful data that could also be utilized as a reference in future projects. Finally, the approach has been implemented on a case study of building project in Budapest, Hungary to examine the effectiveness of the system in practice.
Recentemente, l'industria edile ha iniziato ad adottare strategie innovative per ottenere una qualità superiore. Questo obiettivo può essere raggiunto attraverso un sistema solido di gestione della qualità. Anche se la gestione della qualità deve essere applicata a tutte le fasi del ciclo di sviluppo, la sfida principale è quella di controllare la qualità durante la fase di esecuzione, in quanto è strettamente associata alla gestione di una quantità enorme di dati, da condividere con le multiple parti coinvolte, che in progetti complessi puó risultare in più difetti. Siccome eventuali difetti in elementi strutturali causano, nel migliore scenario di non incidenti mortali, gravi costi aggiuntivi e di ritardo; un focus sul controllo della qualità di esecuzione di questi elementi non solo dopo il loro completamento, ma anche prima di iniziare e durante attività connesse alla loro esecuzione sarebbe auspicabile. Questa tesi affronta questi temi proponendo un approccio per la gestione della qualità dell'esecuzione di elementi strutturali integrando il BIM (Building Information Modelling) con la tecnologia AR (Augmented Reality). In particolare, questo approccio è stato studiato per controllare la qualità delle strutture in cemento armato e in acciaio, sulla base della norma europea. La ricerca è divisa in due sezioni principali. La prima sezione è dedicata allo studio della letteratura disponibile, in cui si evidenziano le attuali pratiche di gestione della qualità costruttiva, nonché all’approfondimento di BIM, AR, precedenti tentativi di loro integrazione nella gestione della qualità e dei parametri che sono importanti per raggiungere la buona qualità degli elementi strutturali. La seconda sezione è invece dedicata alla descrizione della metodologia proposta formulata sulla base dei risultati della prima sezione. È stato proposto un quadro che copra entrambi i pilastri della gestione della qualità (quality assurance (QA) quality control (QC)). QC è diviso in tre fasi (prima, durante e dopo l'esecuzione) e in tre diverse categorie (materiale, processo e geometria). Siccome il formato IFC è stato scelto come formato per scambiare i dati, nuove entità di qualità sono state definite per stabilire la relazione tra le informazioni relative alla qualità e il modello BIM 4D. Poi un sistema di qualità è stato sviluppato su ASP.NET Framework utilizzando linguaggio C#. Sfruttando la capacità di BIM per supportare la strutturazione e lo scambio di informazioni attraverso la centralizzazione delle informazioni, è stato sviluppato un elenco di controllo Web-based ed il suo collegamento ad AR, dove AR è stato proposto come un meccanismo per migliorare il processo di estrazione delle informazioni dalla costruzione di modelli informativi per massimizzare le potenzialità di BIM in cantiere, e alla fine diventa un toolkit digitale per gli ingegneri con diverse responsabilità in loco. In questo modo, le persone coinvolte nel processo di costruzione possono meglio gestire ed accumulare dati utili potenzialmente utilizzabili come riferimento nei progetti futuri. Infine, l'approccio è stato attuato su un caso di studio di progetto edilizio a Budapest, in Ungheria, per esaminare l'efficacia del sistema nella realtà.
Integrating BIM and AR to control quality of execution of structural elements
MIRSHOKRAEI, MEHRDAD
2017/2018
Abstract
Recently, construction industry has started adopting innovating strategies to obtain higher quality. This objective can be achieved through a sound quality management system. Although the quality management should be applied to all phases of building lifecycle, the main challenge is to control quality during the execution phase since it is strictly associated to the management of a huge amount of data, to be shared with the multiple parties involved, which may result in more defects in complex projects. As any defects in structural elements will cause, in the best scenario of no fatal accidents, severe additional costs and delay, there should be a focus on execution quality control of these elements not only after their completion but also before starting and during activities related to the execution of them. This thesis addresses these issues proposing an approach for quality management of execution of structural elements by integrating BIM (Building Information Modelling) with AR (Augmented Reality) technology. In particular, this approach has been studied on controlling quality of reinforced concrete and steel structures, based on the European standard. The research is divided into two main sections. First section is the study of available literature where the current construction quality management practices is highlighted and study over BIM, AR, previous attempts of integrating them into quality management and parameters that are important to achieve good quality in structural elements has been done. Second section is dedicated to the proposed methodology formulated based on the findings of the first section. A framework has been proposed covering both pillars of quality management (quality assurance (QA) quality control (QC)). QC is divided into three phases (before, during and after execution) and into three different categories (material, process and geometry). As IFC data format is chosen to be used as the format to exchange the data, new quality entities have been defined to establish the relation between the quality related information and 4D BIM model. Then a quality system was developed on asp.net framework using C# language. Using the capability of BIM to support information structuring and exchange through the centralization of information, a web-based checklist was developed and its link to AR has been established where AR has been proposed as a mechanism to enhance the process of information extraction from building information models to maximize the potentials of BIM in construction site, and eventually becomes a digital toolkit for engineers with different responsibilities on site. In this way, people involved in construction process can better manage and accumulate useful data that could also be utilized as a reference in future projects. Finally, the approach has been implemented on a case study of building project in Budapest, Hungary to examine the effectiveness of the system in practice.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/142709