Although titanium-based components are used in many advanced applications, their machinability is still an open challenge. If the cutting parameters that are typically adopted for other materials are used for machining titanium alloys, the tool is subjected to an excessive thermal load that drastically reduces its life. In order to assure an acceptable productivity of the machining operations, a coolant (i.e. oil-water emulsion) is typically used to limit the temperature in the cutting region. However, the high costs for the coolant purchasing, maintenance and disposal, together with the associated risks for the environment and for the human health, make the manufacturing sector demanding for alternatives. The cooling of the process with cryogenic fluids (i.e. Liquid Nitrogen LN2) seems both an environmentally-friendly and a profitable alternative to conventional cooling, although a lack of knowledge is affecting its applicability in the shop-floors. In order to bridge this gap, three-dimensional Finite Element FE simulations of both dry and cryogenic milling of Ti6Al4V were developed in this research work. Cutting tests were carried out in order to validate the simulation models that showed a good agreement with the experimental observations (cutting forces and chip morphology). The developed methodologies and the achieved results seem rather valuable with respect to the specific scientific literature.
Sebbene i componenti basati sul titanio siano utilizzati in molte applicazioni avanzate, la loro lavorabilità con processi di asportazione di truciolo rimane una sfida aperta. Se vengono adottati i tipici parametri di taglio utilizzati per la lavorazione dei metalli più comuni, gli utensili vengono sottoposti ad un eccessivo carico termico che riduce drasticamente la loro durata. In modo da garantire un'accettabile produttività dei processi di taglio, tipicamente vengono utilizzati fluidi lubrorefrigeranti basati su un'emulsione di acqua e olio. In questo modo si limita la temperatura della zona di taglio. Tuttavia gli elevati costi di acquisto, manutenzione e smaltimento di questi fluidi, insieme ai pericoli ambientali e ai rischi per la salute umana, stanno portando il settore industriale a cercare alternative. Il raffreddamento del processo con fluidi criogenici come l'azoto liquido sembra un'alternativa ecologica e vantaggiosa all'utilizzo dei fluidi tradizionali. Purtroppo l'adozione di questa tecnologia nelle officine è ostacolata da una mancanza di conoscenze scientifiche a riguardo. Per colmare queste lacune, in questo lavoro di ricerca si sono sviluppate simulazioni 3D agli Elementi Finiti di un processo di fresatura nei casi di taglio a secco e di taglio criogenico; inoltre, per validare il modello, sono state svolte prove di taglio. I risultati trovano un buon riscontro con le prove sperimentali (forze di taglio e morfologia del truciolo). Le metodologie sviluppate e i risultati ottenuti sembrano ragionevoli rispetto a quanto riportato in letteratura scientifica.
Development of a finite element model for simulating cryogenic milling of titanium Ti6Al4V
ELEFANTI, ALESSANDRO
2017/2018
Abstract
Although titanium-based components are used in many advanced applications, their machinability is still an open challenge. If the cutting parameters that are typically adopted for other materials are used for machining titanium alloys, the tool is subjected to an excessive thermal load that drastically reduces its life. In order to assure an acceptable productivity of the machining operations, a coolant (i.e. oil-water emulsion) is typically used to limit the temperature in the cutting region. However, the high costs for the coolant purchasing, maintenance and disposal, together with the associated risks for the environment and for the human health, make the manufacturing sector demanding for alternatives. The cooling of the process with cryogenic fluids (i.e. Liquid Nitrogen LN2) seems both an environmentally-friendly and a profitable alternative to conventional cooling, although a lack of knowledge is affecting its applicability in the shop-floors. In order to bridge this gap, three-dimensional Finite Element FE simulations of both dry and cryogenic milling of Ti6Al4V were developed in this research work. Cutting tests were carried out in order to validate the simulation models that showed a good agreement with the experimental observations (cutting forces and chip morphology). The developed methodologies and the achieved results seem rather valuable with respect to the specific scientific literature.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/143006